Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: To write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of
Concept introduction:
Hydrolysis is a chemical process involving breaking a bond in a molecule using water. There are three types of hydrolysis; salt hydrolysis, acidic hydrolysis and basic hydrolysis. The
(b)
Interpretation: The molecular geometry of
Concept introduction: The ground state outer electronic configuration of Xenon atom is
According to VSEPR theory, the geometry is predicted by the minimizing the repulsions between electron-pairs in the bonds and lone-pairs of electrons. The VSEPR theory is written as,
(c)
Interpretation:
To determine the
Concept introduction:
The
The change of enthalpy to form one mole of a substance from its constituent elements with all substances in the standard form is known as standard enthalpy of formation.
The standard enthalpy of formation
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- The pentafluorides of the larger members of Group 5A(15)have been prepared, but N can have only eight electrons. A claim has been made that, at low temperatures, a compound with the empirical formula NF₅ forms. Draw a possible Lewis structure for this compound.arrow_forwardCompounds such as NaBH4, Al(BH4)3, and LiAlH4 are complexhydrides used as reducing agents in many syntheses.(a) Give the oxidation state of each element in these compounds.(b) Write a Lewis structure for the polyatomic anion in NaBH4, and predict its shape.arrow_forwardBoron is an anomaly in Group 13 in that it forms covalent compounds rather than ionic Suggest an explanation for this divergent behavior.arrow_forward
- Although nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) is a thermally stable compound, nitrogen triiodide (Nl3) is known to be a highly explosive material. NI3 can be synthesized according to the equation BN(s)+3IF(g)BF3(g)+NI3(g) a. What is the enthalpy of formation for NI3(s) given the enthalpy of reaction ( 307 kJ) and the enthalpies of formation for BN(s) (254 kJ/mol), IF(g) ( 96 kJ/mol), and BF3(g) ( 1136 kJ/mol)? b. It is reported that when the synthesis of NI3 is conducted using 4 moles of IF for every l mole of BN. one of the by-products isolated is [IF2]+ [BF4]. What are the molecular geometries of the species in this by-product? What are the hybridizations of the central atoms in each species in the by-product?arrow_forwardWhy is it not possible to displace fluorine from metallic fluorides by any other halogens? Explain based on how their anions behave and elaborate propely pls.arrow_forwardDespite the expected decrease in atomic size, there is an un-expected drop in the first ionization energy between Groups2A(2) and 3A(13) in Periods 2 through 4. Explain this pattern interms of electron configurations and orbital energies.arrow_forward
- Define the term disproportionation?arrow_forward“Inert” xenon actually forms several compounds, especially with the highly electronegative elements oxygen and fluorine. The simple fluorides XeF2, XeF4, and XeF6 are all formed by direct reaction of the elements. As you might expect from the size of the xenon atom, the Xe-F bond is not a strong one. Calculate the Xe-F bond energy in XeF6, given that the enthalpy of formation is - 402 kJ/mol.arrow_forward1. Explain the anomalous behavior of Li and Be among Group 2 elements. 2. Predict the oxidation state of the central atom in the following oxyanions: 103 XeO4, ТеОб- Justify your answers using periodic trends. 3. Arrange the following elements in order of increasing electronegativity: O, CI, S, Si. Explain your reasoning. 4. Explain the differences in the physical and chemical properties of Na and K based on their atomic structure. 5. Draw the Lewis structure of XeOF4 and predict its VSEPR shape and hybridization. 6. Explain the stability of the dative bond in the complex ion [Fe(CN)6]3. m7. Compare and contrast the bonding in CO2 and SiO2. How do their structures differ? e8. Predict the geometry and magnetic properties of the following complex ions: [Co(NH3)6]3+, [Cr(H2O)6]3+..arrow_forward
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