Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 11P
Understanding the Mechanisms of Reactions Related to Transketolase The mechanistic chemistry of the acetolactate synthase and phosphoketolase reactions (shown here) is similar to that of the transketolase reaction (Figure 22.30). Write suitable mechanisms for these reactions.
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Chapter 22 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 22 - Prob. 1PCh. 22 - Prob. 2PCh. 22 - Prob. 3PCh. 22 - Prob. 4PCh. 22 - Prob. 5PCh. 22 - Prob. 6PCh. 22 - Prob. 7PCh. 22 - Prob. 8PCh. 22 - Prob. 9PCh. 22 - Understanding Enzyme Mechanisms Related to...
Ch. 22 - Understanding the Mechanisms of Reactions Related...Ch. 22 - Prob. 12PCh. 22 - Prob. 13PCh. 22 - Prob. 14PCh. 22 - Prob. 15PCh. 22 - Prob. 16PCh. 22 - Prob. 17PCh. 22 - Prob. 18PCh. 22 - Prob. 19PCh. 22 - Prob. 20PCh. 22 - Prob. 21PCh. 22 - Prob. 22PCh. 22 - Using the ActiveModel for aldose reductase,...
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- Understanding Enzyme Mechanisms Related to Pyruvate Carboxylase Based on the mechanism for pyruvate carboxylase (Figure 22.3), write reasonable mechanisms for the reactions that follow:arrow_forwardUnderstanding the Oxidation of Glucose and Its Products in the TCA Cycle Glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction, and the TCA cycle result in complete oxidation of a molecule of glucose to CO2. Review the calculation of oxidation numbers for individual atoms in any molecule, and then calculate the oxidation numbers of the carbons of glucose, pyruvate, the acetyl carbons of acetyl-CoA. and the metabolites of the TCA cycle to convince yourself that complete oxidation of glucose involves removal of 24 electrons and that each acetyl-CoA through the TCA cycle gives up 8 electrons.arrow_forwardExtending the Mechanism of Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase to Similar Reactions Based on the mechanism for the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (see problem 14), write reasonable mechanisms for the following reactions shown.arrow_forward
- Modeling the Regulation of AcetyI-CoA Carboxylase Based on the information presented in the text and in Figures 24.4 and 24.5, suggest a model for the regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Consider the possible roles of subunit interactions, phosphorylation, and conformation changes in your model.arrow_forwardUnderstanding the Mechanism of the 3-ketosphinganine Synthase Reaction Write a reasonable mechanism for the 3-ketosphinganine synthase reaction, remembering that it is a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent reaction.arrow_forwardDistinguishing the Mechanisms of Class I and Class I Aldolases Fructose bisphosphate aldolase in animal muscle is a class 1 aldolase, which forms a Schiff base intermediate between substrate (for example. fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate or dihydroxyacetone phosphate) and a lysine at the active site (see Figure I8.12). The chemical evidence for this intermediate conies from studies with aldolase and the reducing agent sodium borohydride, NaBH4. Incubation of the enzyme with dihydroxyacetone phosphate and NaBH4 inactivates the enzyme. Interestingly, no inactivation is observed if NabH4 is added to the enzyme in the absence of substrate. Write a mechanism that explains these observations and provides evidence for the formation of a Schiff base intermediate in the aldolase reaction.arrow_forward
- ATP is an ALLOSTERIC INHIBITOR of the phosphofructokinase enzyme, which is a key catalyst for one of the first steps of Glycolysis. Citrate (citric acid) is a 6-carbon product of the first reaction of the Krebs Cycle (aka Citric Acid Cycle). Interestingly, Citrate enhances the inhibitory effect of ATP on phosphofructokinase. What is a likely explanation for the inhibitory effects of these molecules? Excess ATP and Citrate signal the cell that Glycolysis should be speeded up. Excess ATP and Citrate signal a positive feedback loop. Excess ATP and Citrate signal the cell that Glycolysis should be slowed. Excess ATP and Citrate compete for the active site of phosphofructokinase.arrow_forward8-Pentose phosphate pathway of glucose oxidation:• scheme of reactions of the oxidative and non-oxidative stages of PFSh;• the role of regulatory enzymes and their coenzymes in PFS reactions;• total equation of reactions of PFSh;• biological significance of PFSh and PFCarrow_forward
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