Chapter 22, Problem 13P

Gray Company’s financial statements showed income before income taxes of $4,030,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020, and $3,330,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Additional information is as follows:

• Capital expenditures were $2,800,000 in 2020 and $4,000,000 in 2019. Included in the 2020 capital expenditures is equipment purchased for $1,000,000 on January 1, 2020, with no salvage value. Gray used straight-line depreciation based on a 10-year estimated life in its financial statements. As a result of additional information now available, it is estimated that this equipment should have only an 8-year life.
• Gray made an error in its financial statements that should be regarded as material. A payment of $180,000 was made in January 2020 and charged to expense in 2020 for insurance premiums applicable to policies commencing and expiring in 2019. No liability had been recorded for this item at December 31, 2019.
• The allowance for doubtful accounts reflected in Gray’s financial statements was $7,000 at December 31, 2020, and $97,000 at December 31, 2019. During 2020, $90,000 of uncollectible receivables were written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. In 2019, the provision for doubtful accounts was based on a percentage of net sales. The 2020 provision has not yet been recorded. Net sales were $58,500,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020, and $49,230,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Based on the latest available facts, the 2020 provision for doubtful accounts is estimated to be 0.2% of net sales.
• A review of the estimated warranty liability at December 31, 2020, which is included in “other liabilities” in Gray’s financial statements, has disclosed that this estimated liability should be increased $170,000.
• Gray has two large blast furnaces that it uses in its manufacturing process. These furnaces must be periodically relined. Furnace A was relined in January 2014 at a cost of $230,000 and in January 2019 at a cost of $280,000. Furnace B was relined for the first time in January 2020 at a cost of $300,000. In Gray’s financial statements, these costs were expensed as incurred. Since a relining will last for 5 years, Gray’s management feels it would be preferable to capitalize and depreciate the cost of the relining over the productive life of the relining. Gray has decided to nuke a change in accounting principle from expensing relining costs as incurred to capitalizing them and depreciating them over their productive life on a straight-line basis with a full year’s depreciation in the year of relining. This change meets the requirements for a change in accounting principle under GAAP.

  Required:

  1. 1. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, prepare a worksheet reconciling income before income taxes as given previously with income before income taxes as adjusted for the preceding additional information. Show supporting computations in good form. Ignore income taxes and deferred tax considerations in your answer. The worksheet should have the following format:

     

  2. 2. As of January 1, 2020, compute the retrospective adjustment of retained earnings for the change in accounting principle from expensing to capitalizing relining costs. Ignore income taxes and deferred tax considerations in your answer.