Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781285869759
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 22, Problem 22.56P
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To explain why the given Lewis structure of CO is not acceptable.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is written by distributing the total valence electrons of each atoms involved in bonding, around each atom such that octet of each atom gets completed. Each electron is shown by a dot. If a positive charge is present on the ion then electrons equal to the charge on the ion must be subtracted from the total valence electrons and if a negative charge is present then that much electrons must be added to the total valence electrons.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 22.56P

The given Lewis structure for CO molecule is not acceptable because the octet of carbon atom is not completed.

Explanation of Solution

In the given Lewis structure of CO the octet of O atom is complete but the octet of carbon atom is incomplete as shown below:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 22, Problem 22.56P , additional homework tip  1

In the above structure around the oxygen atom there are eight electrons but around the carbon atom there are only six electrons that is the given structure does not follow the octet rule hence the given Lewis structure is not acceptable.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure for the CO must be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is written by distributing the total valence electrons of each atoms involved in bonding, around each atom such that octet of each atom gets completed. Each electron is shown by a dot. If a positive charge is present on the ion, then electrons equal to the charge on the ion must be subtracted from the total valence electrons and if a negative charge is present then that much electrons must be added to the total valence electrons.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 22.56P

The Lewis structure for CO is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 22, Problem 22.56P , additional homework tip  2

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of C and CO is 6 and 8 and their electronic configurations are 1s22s22p2, and 1s22s23p4 the valence electrons of C are 4 and of O is 6. The skeleton of the CO molecule is drawn.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 22, Problem 22.56P , additional homework tip  3

In CO there are one C and one O atom therefore total valence electrons are equal 4+6=10. Now these valence electrons are distributed around the C and one O atom such that octet of each atom gets completed.

The Lewis structure for CO is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 22, Problem 22.56P , additional homework tip  4

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To identify which electron pair is donated by the CO to the Fe metal for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is written by distributing the total valence electrons of each atoms involved in bonding, around each atom such that octet of each atom gets completed. Each electron is shown by a dot. If a positive charge is present on the ion, then electrons equal to the charge on the ion must be subtracted from the total valence electrons and if a negative charge is present then that much electrons must be added to the total valence electrons.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 22.56P

The lone pair of electron present on the C-atom donated to the Fe metal to form the coordinate covalent bond in Fe(CO)5.

Explanation of Solution

In Fe(CO)5 complex the Fe is the central metal ion and the CO is a ligand. Five molecules of CO coordinates with the Fe metal atom by donation of a pair of electrons by each CO ligand to the Fe metal. And since the bond is formed between the carbon atom of CO and the Fe metal ion therefore, the electron pair present on the carbon atom is involved in the formation of a coordinate covalent bond in Fe(CO)5

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 22, Problem 22.56P , additional homework tip  5

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure for the O2 has to be drawn and it has to be shown that how the O2 forms a coordinate covalent bond with Fe2+ ion.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure is written by distributing the total valence electrons of each atoms involved in bonding, around each atom such that octet of each atom gets completed. Each electron is shown by a dot. If a positive charge is present on the ion, then electrons equal to the charge on the ion must be subtracted from the total valence electrons and if a negative charge is present then that much electrons must be added to the total valence electrons.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 22.56P

The Lewis structure for O2 is.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 22, Problem 22.56P , additional homework tip  6

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of O is 8 and its electronic configuration is 1s22s22p4 the valence electrons for O is 6. The skeleton of the O2 molecule is drawn.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 22, Problem 22.56P , additional homework tip  7

In O2 there are two O atoms therefore, the total valence electrons will be equal to 2×6=12. Now these valence electrons are distributed around the two O atoms such that octet of each atom gets completed.

A coordinate covalent bond is formed when a donor molecule called as ligand donates a pair of electrons to the central metal atom. In case of Fe2+ ion the atomic number of Fe is 26, its outermost electronic configurations is [Ar]3d64s2 since a charge of +2 is present on Fe2+ ion therefore, two electrons must be subtracted from the outermost electrons of the Fe atom now the electronic configuration of Fe2+ ion will become [Ar]3d64s0. In the haemoglobin and myoglobin the central Fe2+ ion has six coordination sites among which four coordination sites are occupied by N-atoms of the porphyrin ring, the fifth site is coordinated with the N-atom of histidine side chain and the sixth site is coordinated with the O2 molecule. Each donor atom donates an electron pair to the Fe2+ ion.

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Chapter 22 Solutions

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry

Ch. 22 - 22-11 Which amino acid has the highest percentage...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.12PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.13PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.14PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.15PCh. 22 - 22-16 Which amino acids in Table 22-1 have more...Ch. 22 - 22-17 What are the similarities and differences in...Ch. 22 - 22-18 Draw the structures of L- and D-valine.Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.19PCh. 22 - 22-20 Show how alanine, in solution at its...Ch. 22 - 22-21 Explain why an amino acid cannot exist in an...Ch. 22 - 22-22 Draw the structure of valine at pH 1 and at...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.23PCh. 22 - 22-24 Draw the most predominant form of histidine...Ch. 22 - 22-25 Draw the most predominant form of lysine at...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.26PCh. 22 - 22-27 Show by chemical equations how alanine and...Ch. 22 - 22-28 A tetrapeptide is abbreviated as DPKH. Which...Ch. 22 - 22-29 Draw the structure of a tripeptide made of...Ch. 22 - 22-30 (a) Use the three-letter abbreviations to...Ch. 22 - 22-31 A polypeptide chain is made of alternating...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.32PCh. 22 - 22-33 Which of the three functional groups on...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.34PCh. 22 - 22-35 Why is histidine considered a basic amino...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.36PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.37PCh. 22 - 22-38 Why does proline not absorb light at 280 nm?Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.39PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.40PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.41PCh. 22 - 22-42 (a) How many atoms of the peptide bond lie...Ch. 22 - 22-43 (a) Draw the structural formula of the...Ch. 22 - 22-44 How can a protein act as a buffer?Ch. 22 - 22-45 Proteins are least soluble at their...Ch. 22 - 22-46 How many different tripeptides can be made...Ch. 22 - 22-47 How many different tetrapeptides can be made...Ch. 22 - 22-48 How many amino acid residues in the A chain...Ch. 22 - 22-49 Based on your knowledge of the chemical...Ch. 22 - 22-50 Is a random coil a (a) primary, (b)...Ch. 22 - 22-51 Decide whether the following structures that...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.52PCh. 22 - 22-53 Do iron and zinc ions play role in protein...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.54PCh. 22 - 22-55 Consider the coordination compound Fe(CO)5...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.56PCh. 22 - 22-57 Consider the coordination compound...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.58PCh. 22 - 22-59 What is the effect of salt bridges on the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.60PCh. 22 - 22-61 Polyglutamic acid (a polypeptide chain made...Ch. 22 - 22-62 Distinguish between intermolecular and...Ch. 22 - 22-63 Identify the primary, secondary, and...Ch. 22 - 22-64 If both cysteine residues on the B chain of...Ch. 22 - 22-65 (a) What is the difference in the quaternary...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.66PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.67PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.68PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.69PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.70PCh. 22 - 22-71 Which amino acid side chain is most...Ch. 22 - 22-72 What does the reducing agent do in...Ch. 22 - 22-73 Silver nitrate is sometimes put into the...Ch. 22 - 22-74 Why do nurses and physicians use 70% alcohol...Ch. 22 - 22-75 (Chemical Connections 22A) Why must some...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.76PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.77PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.78PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.79PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.80PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.81PCh. 22 - 22-82 (Chemical Connections 22H) How does the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.83PCh. 22 - 22-84 How many different dipeptides can be made...Ch. 22 - 22-85 Denaturation is usually associated with...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.86PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.87PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.88PCh. 22 - 22-89 What kind of noncovalent interaction occurs...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.90PCh. 22 - 22-91 Which amino acid does not rotate the plane...Ch. 22 - 22-92 Write the expected products of the acid...Ch. 22 - 22-93 What charges are on aspartic acid at pH 2.0?Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.94PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.95PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.96PCh. 22 - 22-97 Gelatin is derived from collagen by...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.98PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.99PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.100PCh. 22 - 22-101 Using what you know about protein...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.102PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.103PCh. 22 - 22-104 Why is collagen not a very good source of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.105P
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