Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 23, Problem 10TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Fossils are the remains of ancient organisms. Fossil records give direct and indirect evidence of the life which existed on the earth millions of years ago. The types of fossils include mold fossils, cast fossils, trace fossils, and unaltered fossils.
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Derived characters are traits:
A. that are more complicated than ancestral characters
B. that characterize the last common ancestor of a particular collection of species.
C. that have evolved after the last common ancestor of a particulan collection of species.
D. that are less well suited to the environment than ancestral characters.
During the ____ epoch, there were fewer ____ and more ____, a reversal in the relative representation of these forms during modern times.
a. Eocene; omomyids; eosimiids
b. Miocene; Old World monkeys; apes
C. Miocene; apes; Old World monkeys
d. Oligocene; apes; Old World monkeys
e. Paleocene; New World monkeys; Old World monkeys
Radiometric dating and the cranial capacity measurements are back from the paleolab for the specimen you discovered at the site you were excavating in South Africa. Lab results indicate that the cranial capacity is 520 cubic centimeters and it dates to about 1.5 million years ago. After having identified the cranial traits present, you can now take this new information and provide, at least, the genus to which you think it may belong.
Based on this information, choose from the options below, the category to which you think it most likely belongs.
Group of answer choices
Pre-australopith
Premodern Human
Gracile Australopithecine
Early Genus Homo
Robust Australopithecine
Late Genus Homo
Chapter 23 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 23.1 - What biological materials are the most likely to...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 23.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 23.3 - Which type of geographical distribution requires...Ch. 23.3 - Why do distantly related species that live in...Ch. 23.4 - What factors might allow a population of organisms...Ch. 23.4 - What events apparently triggered the mass...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 3SB
Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 23.5 - Prob. 2SBCh. 23.6 - Prob. 1SBCh. 23.6 - Prob. 2SBCh. 23.6 - Prob. 3SBCh. 23 - The fossil record: a. provides direct and indirect...Ch. 23 - The absolute age of a geological stratum is...Ch. 23 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 23 - Biologists believe that the overall similarities...Ch. 23 - The differential growth of body parts is called:...Ch. 23 - Exaptations are traits that: a. prepare some...Ch. 23 - Adaptive radiations often follow mass extinctions...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 1ITD
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Radiometric dating and the cranial capacity measurements are back from the paleolab for the specimen you discovered at the site you were excavating in South Africa. Lab results indicate that the cranial capacity is 520 cubic centimeters and it dates to about 1.5 million years ago. After having identified the cranial traits present, you can now take this new information and provide, at least, the genus to which you think it may belong.
Based on this information, choose from the options below, the category to which you think it most likely belongs.
-Pre-australopith
-Premodern Human
-Gracile Australopithecine
-Early Genus Homo
-Robust Australopithecine
-Late Genus Homo
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Rooneyia is an Eocene primate fossil. This ____ found in Texas is distinct from other North American Eocene Primates in that in has ____.
a. omomyid; well-developed postorbital flanges
b. eosimiid; poorly-developed postorbital flanges
c. adapid; a long rostrum
d. oligopithecid; very large eye orbits
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Which of the following are true about outgroups?
a.
They help identify plesiomorphic traits in the phylogeny
b.
They are a taxa that is known to not be within the species group in question
c.
They do not have any autapomorphic traits
d.
They are less evolved than the species of interest
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Which of the following statements is BEST supported by the phylogenetic tree?
A
The development of a bony skeleton was a significant evolutionary step for ocean-dwelling animals.
B
Most warm-blooded animals evolved to have hair, while cold-blooded animals did not.
C
Most land animals require a vertebral column, while ocean animals do not.
D
The evolution of the amniotic egg was specific to ocean-dwelling animals.
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Rooneyia is an Eocene primate fossil. This ____ found in
Texas is distinct from other North American Eocene Primates in that it has ____
a. omomyid; well-developed
postorbital flanges
b. eosimiid; poorly-developed
postorbital flanges
c. adapid; a long rostrum
d. oligopithecid; very large
eye orbits
e. none of the above
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Homo heidelbergensis is considered by many to be a transitional species between Homo ergaster and Homo neanderthalensis.
Use the following two models to help you answer the questions below.
a. Name one Homo ergaster trait observable in this fossil.b. Name one Homo neanderthalensis trait observable in this fossil.
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Compare and contrast the specimens of H. habilis with H. rudolfensis.
Some paleoanthropologists believe these specimens represent one species, but differ because one is female and one is male. Others believe them to be different species. What do you think? Support your answer using anatomical evidence.
Name the key anatomical features and behaviors that set the earliest member of our genus, H. habilis, apart from the australopithecines and that are defining characteristics of the genus Homo.
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Cladistic principles suggest that:
a.
All apes are hominins.
b.
Outgroups can help to define natural groups by showing what is primitive, and hence, what is derived.
c.
Birds are crocodiles.
d.
Species boundaries are fuzzy.
e.
None of the above is correct.
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Along comes Dr Phil Bell and deep in the mines of Lightning Ridge, finds an amazingly preserved pterosaur that preserves feathers. He hypothesises that this means that feathers must have evolved before the origin of dinosaurs and therefore must have been primitive. Test this hypothesis using phylogenetic framework and provide a brief explanation of your process and whether or not you support Dr Bell's hypothesis.
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The figure shows a phylogenetic tree of various members of the order Proboscidea, which includes modern elephants. Which of the following claims is best supported by the information in the figure ?
a.The mastodon and the Stegodon diverged from their common ancestor 22 million years ago.
b.The common ancestor of the African elephant and the mastodon is the Palaeomastodon.
c.The mammoth diverged from its most recent common ancestor with African elephants before the mastodon diverged from its most recent common ancestor with Stegodons.
d.The Asian and African elephants are the most closely related species shown on the tree.
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In studying a species of fish, a structure is discovered that has no apparent function. If this is a vestigial structure, what would you find in at least some relatives of this fish? Why? *
The structure should look different and also have no function.
A similar structure should be present, but it would be larger and have a function.
The structure should be present and also have no function.
No answer
The structure should be absent from fossils of ancestors of this species.
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In your Introduction to Biological Anthropology class, your instructor asks you to examine a fossil skull and determine which species it is. You note there is a sagittal keel at the top of the skull. Based on this information alone, to which species does the skull belong?
A. Australopithecus boisei
B. Homo habilis
C. Australopithecus garhi
D. Homo erectus
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FOSSIL FRIDAY: Primate Evolution | Grades 7-10; Author: Museum of the Rockies;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tVLfvm3AFk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY