Laboratory Manual for Anatomy & Physiology
Laboratory Manual for Anatomy & Physiology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321885074
Author: Elaine N. Marieb
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
bartleby

Concept explainers

Question
Chapter 23, Problem 1CYU
Summary Introduction

To review:

The six major categories of nutrients.

Introduction:

The nutrients are the substances in food that are used by the body to promote normal growth, maintenance, as well as repair of tissues. Some of them are micronutrients, which are required in minute amounts, whereas some are required in large amounts and are called macronutrients. Many of these nutrients cannot be made at a rapid rate to meet the need of body. Thus, they are ingested through diet and are called essential nutrients.

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

A balanced diet is made from a combination of different nutrients. Such diet offers adequate amounts of all the required nutrients and thus provide sufficient energy. The nutrients are broadly divided into five categories: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Three of them (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins) are macronutrients, whereas the other two are micronutrients, as explained below:

Water: Water is a universal solvent which dissolves and carries nutrients, remove waste material, and regulates body temperature. The 50 to 70 % of body weight is composed of water. The major sources are water, liquids, vegetables, and fruits.

Macronutrients:

2. Carbohydrates: Carbohydrate is the primary source of energy for all the cell types. Some cells, such as neurons and erythrocytes, are entirely dependent upon glucose for their energy needs. They are mainly obtained from dairy sources and plant materials, such as grains, vegetables, and fruits.

3. Lipids: Phospholipids are an important component of cell membrane and myelin sheath of axons. Also, the fat deposits under skin provide cushioning around the body act as an energy source and form an insulating layer to prevent heat loss. They are mainly present in animal sources, such as meat and dairy products, and plant sources, such as oils from nuts and seeds.

4. Proteins: Proteins are an important component of various structures in the body, such as keratin in skin, collagen and elastin in connective tissues, and other proteins in muscles. Also, several proteins, such as hormones, accelerate growth and also regulate the metabolism of the body. Proteins are mostly found in eggs, milk products, meat, legumes, vegetables, seeds, and nuts.

Micronutrients:

5. Minerals: They are not utilized as fuel for energy generation, but they work with other nutrients to ensure proper functioning of various structures of the body. Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium ions are present in teeth and bones. On the other hand, sodium and potassium ions are present in fluids and regulate the blood volume. Minerals are mostly present in dairy products (calcium ions), grains (phosphorus), pulses (sulfur), and salt (sodium and chlorine ions).

6. Vitamins: Vitamins are required in minute amounts. They do not serve as a source of energy, but are required for growth and good health. Some of them act as coenzymes and facilitate the functions of enzymes. Sources of vitamins are citrus fruits (vitamin C), leafy vegetable, and legumes (vitamin B1).

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, minerals, and vitamins are the six nutritional categories.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
What are essential nutrients? Describe their categories.
What are the major categories of required nutrients?
What are the Macronutrients and how much is needed per block?

Chapter 23 Solutions

Laboratory Manual for Anatomy & Physiology

Ch. 23 - Briefly, how do substrate-level and oxidative...Ch. 23 - What happens in glycolysis if oxygen and pyruvic...Ch. 23 - 13. What two major kinds of chemical reactions...Ch. 23 - What name is given to the chemical reaction in...Ch. 23 - Prob. 15CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 16CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 17CYUCh. 23 - What are the products of beta oxidation?Ch. 23 - Prob. 19CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 20CYUCh. 23 - Which three organs or tissues are the primary...Ch. 23 - Prob. 22CYUCh. 23 - Which hormone is glucagons main antagonist?Ch. 23 - Which event increases both glucagon and insulin...Ch. 23 - Prob. 25CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 28CYUCh. 23 - What is the most important long-term regulator of...Ch. 23 - Prob. 30CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 31CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 32CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 33CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 34CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 26CYUCh. 23 - Prob. 27CYUCh. 23 - Which of the following reactions would liberate...Ch. 23 - The formation of glucose from glycogen is (a)...Ch. 23 - The net gain of ATP from the complete metabolism...Ch. 23 - Which of the following best defines cellular...Ch. 23 - What is formed during aerobic respiration when...Ch. 23 - Prob. 6RQCh. 23 - Prob. 7RQCh. 23 - Which of the following is not a function of the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9RQCh. 23 - A person has been on a hunger strike for seven...Ch. 23 - Transamination is a chemical process by which (a)...Ch. 23 - Three days after removing the pancreas from an...Ch. 23 - Hunger, appetite, obesity, and physical activity...Ch. 23 - Prob. 14RQCh. 23 - Which of the following yields the greatest caloric...Ch. 23 - What is cellular respiration? What is the common...Ch. 23 - Describe the site, major events, and outcomes of...Ch. 23 - Pyruvic acid is a product of glycolysis, but it is...Ch. 23 - Prob. 19RQCh. 23 - Prob. 20RQCh. 23 - Prob. 21RQCh. 23 - Prob. 22RQCh. 23 - Prob. 23RQCh. 23 - What is meant by body energy balance, and what...Ch. 23 - Explain the effect of the following on metabolic...Ch. 23 - Prob. 26RQCh. 23 - Prob. 27RQCh. 23 - Kyle Boulard, a 35-year-old male, is believed to...Ch. 23 - Kyle Boulard, a 35-year-old male, is believed to...Ch. 23 - Kyle Boulard, a 35-year-old male, is believed to...Ch. 23 - Kyle Boulard, a 35-year-old male, is believed to...Ch. 23 - Kyle Boulard, a 35-year-old male, is believed to...
Knowledge Booster
Biology
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Recommended textbooks for you
  • Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
    Biology
    ISBN:9780134580999
    Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
    Publisher:PEARSON
    Biology 2e
    Biology
    ISBN:9781947172517
    Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
    Publisher:OpenStax
    Anatomy & Physiology
    Biology
    ISBN:9781259398629
    Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
    Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
  • Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
    Biology
    ISBN:9780815344322
    Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
    Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
    Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
    Biology
    ISBN:9781260159363
    Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
    Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
    Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
    Biology
    ISBN:9781260231700
    Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
    Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
  • Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
    Biology
    ISBN:9780134580999
    Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
    Publisher:PEARSON
    Biology 2e
    Biology
    ISBN:9781947172517
    Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
    Publisher:OpenStax
    Anatomy & Physiology
    Biology
    ISBN:9781259398629
    Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
    Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
    Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
    Biology
    ISBN:9780815344322
    Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
    Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
    Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
    Biology
    ISBN:9781260159363
    Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
    Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
    Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
    Biology
    ISBN:9781260231700
    Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
    Publisher:McGraw Hill Education