Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 23, Problem 1ITD
Summary Introduction
To review:
The relative changes of the body size and brain size in the lineage through the time with the help of the data provided in the form of a graph.
Introduction:
The brain size increases with the increase in body size. There are some cases in which the size of the brain is associated with the intelligence of an organism, although it is not true in all cases. The smaller mammals like mice have a similar body–brain ratio like humans and the elephants have lower ratio comparatively.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
The figure shows a phylogenetic tree of various members of the order Proboscidea, which includes modern elephants. Which of the following claims is best supported by the information in the figure ?
a.The mastodon and the Stegodon diverged from their common ancestor 22 million years ago.
b.The common ancestor of the African elephant and the mastodon is the Palaeomastodon.
c.The mammoth diverged from its most recent common ancestor with African elephants before the mastodon diverged from its most recent common ancestor with Stegodons.
d.The Asian and African elephants are the most closely related species shown on the tree.
The upper forelimbs of humans and bats have fairly similar skeletal structures, whereas the corresponding bones in whales have very different shapes and proportions. However, genetic data suggest that all three kinds of organisms diverged from a common ancestor at about the same time. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these data?
Group of answer choices
Forelimb evolution was adaptive in people and bats, but not in whales.
Natural selection in an aquatic environment resulted in significant changes to whale forelimb anatomy.
Humans and bats evolved by natural selection, and whales evolved by Lamarckian mechanisms.
Genes mutate faster in whales than in humans or bats.
Which species from Figure 1 has the most amino acids that are different from those of humans?
Which species has the most amino acids in common with humans?
What does this molecular fingerprinting reveal about the frog?
How does the data in Figure 1 indicate that humans and Rhesus monkeys share the most recent common ancestor?
Which organisms in Figure 1 share the most distant common ancestors?
Chapter 23 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 23.1 - What biological materials are the most likely to...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 23.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 23.3 - Which type of geographical distribution requires...Ch. 23.3 - Why do distantly related species that live in...Ch. 23.4 - What factors might allow a population of organisms...Ch. 23.4 - What events apparently triggered the mass...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 3SB
Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 23.5 - Prob. 2SBCh. 23.6 - Prob. 1SBCh. 23.6 - Prob. 2SBCh. 23.6 - Prob. 3SBCh. 23 - The fossil record: a. provides direct and indirect...Ch. 23 - The absolute age of a geological stratum is...Ch. 23 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 23 - Biologists believe that the overall similarities...Ch. 23 - The differential growth of body parts is called:...Ch. 23 - Exaptations are traits that: a. prepare some...Ch. 23 - Adaptive radiations often follow mass extinctions...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 1ITD
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Anole lizards can be found on many islands in the Caribbean that share similar environmental habitats. Anoles on the different islands share similar ecological morphotypes because of their similar habitats. Anoles on each island have evolved from a common ancestor into a variety of different species that occupy different ecological niches as shown below. Which of the following statements explains how the morphotypes found on one island, and shown in the figure, occurred as a result of speciation? A - Convergent evolution occurred, causing new species to evolve based on diverse new habitats. B - Phenotypic diversification occurred as a result of divergent evolution as the anoles adapted to new habitats. C - Natural selection occurred, so individual anoles with certain phenotypes can survive and reproduce only in a specific ecological niche. D - Reproductive isolation occurred as a result of habitat isolation since the anoles are unable to move into different ecological niches to breed.arrow_forwardFour Caribbean islands with similar environmental conditions have three different species of anole lizards with specific ecological morphotypes. Lizards Morphotypes Grass lizards Long tails Canopy lizards Large toe pads Twig lizards Short legs Researchers devised two phylogenetic trees to represent two different hypotheses about how the lizards may have evolved. The first hypothesis is that the different body types evolved repeatedly and independently of each island. The second suggests that each morphotype evolved once and spread to different islands. Which of the following statements best explains which type of data the researchers should use to test these two hypotheses, and which phylogenetic tree correctly shows the evolutionary relationships among anoles? Analyzing DNA samples from the anoles would likely show that phylogenetic tree B is correct since it is likely that each body type evolved once and spread to different islands. Analyzing the…arrow_forwardAnole lizards can be found on many islands in the Caribbean that share similar environmental habitats. Anoles on the different islands share similar ecological morphotypes because of their similar habitats. Anoles on each island have evolved from a common ancestor into a variety of different species that occupy different ecological niches as shown below. Which of the following statements explains how the morphotypes found on one island, and shown in the figure, occurred as a result of speciation? Convergent evolution occurred, causing new species to evolve based on diverse new habitats. Phenotypic diversification occurred as a result of divergent evolution as the anoles adapted to new habitats. Natural selection occurred, so individual anoles with certain phenotypes can survive and reproduce only in a specific ecological niche. Reproductive isolation occurred as a result of habitat isolation since the anoles are unable to move into different ecological niches to breed.arrow_forward
- Which sequence of events in human evolution is most widely accepted? A. increase in brain size, tool-use, bipedalism, movement out of Africa B. tool-use, bipedalism, increase in brain size, use of fire C. bipedalism, increase in brain size, tool-use D. tool-use, use of fire, increase in brain size E. bipedalism, tool-use, increase in brain size How do we know that the footprints discovered by Mary Leakey’s team at the site of Laetoli are those of bipedal hominids? A. There is no evidence of a divergent big toe B. The stride width and length were similar to modern humans C. There is evidence of an arch D. all of these E. A and C only Which of the following were the first to arrive to the Western Hemisphere? A. Modern Homo sapiens B. Archaic Homo sapiens C. Homo erectus D. Neanderthalsarrow_forwardIt has taken millions of years for the ancestors of whales to change into what we know today, as indicated in the diagram below. Based on your knowledge of evolution, which of the following is a reasonable explanation of why the organisms in the diagram changed over 25 million years? Question options: As the environment changed the food sources became more difficult to obtain so characteristics that allowed the organisms to hunt in an aquatic environment became more advantageous. As the environment changed the temperature became too hot and the organisms began to move to a more aquatic environment to keep cool. As the environment changed the food sources became more difficult to obtain so the organisms decided to change their characteristics to ones that would be beneficial when hunting in an aquatic environment. As the environment changed the predators on land became better adapted to hunting the whales ancestors forcing them to live in more aquatic…arrow_forwardWhich of the following animals may have been the second pet domesticated by humans, in Egypt or in Turkey (about 10,000 BCE), and probably helped to keep rodents away from cereal crops like wheat? the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) the gray wolf (Canis lupus) the domesticated cat (Felis catus) the coyote (Canis latrans) the Norwegian rat (Rattus norvegicus) The above domesticated animal is thought to have evolved from which of the following species? the African wildcat the house sparrow the gray wolf the mouse the ratarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is NOT true about evolution? Group of answer choices A-Evolution has been supported by a mounting body of genetic evidence B-Humans share a recent common ancestor with other primates C-The main principle of the theory of evolution is the simple fact that humans evolved from monkeys D-The theory of evolution has been tested and subjected to verification through accumulated evidence (and has not been disproved) E-Evolution can be studied at the microevolutionary or macroevolutionary levelarrow_forwardJonathan Losos and colleagues conducted experiments on small, hurricane-swept islands as “natural laboratories.” Which of the following statements is true? The legs of the anoles placed on the islands became shorter, and their offspring inherited shorter legs. Experiments on the small islands show evidence for adaptation by natural selection but not for evolution. Natural selection can lead to rapid changes. The average leg length of lizard populations decreased within a few generations. Islands scrubbed by hurricanes allow researchers to introduce new lizard populations and observe their evolution. There are many small islands with similar environments, meaning that researchers can repeat their experiments and observations in several locations.arrow_forwardThe images below exhibit Y-5 molars. The left comes from a chimpanzee and the other is a zoomed-in image of Y-5 molars in a human. Why do these primates share the trait for Y-5 molars? Mark the best answer. Group of answer choices Unclear, cannot determine from the information given. Both inherited this trait from their common ancestor, which also had Y-5 molars. Convergent evolution, since both separately evolved Y-5 molars to adapt to dietary pressures. Random mutations, since having Y-5 molars is abnormal in these species of primate.arrow_forward
- How were researchers able to determine that Soapberry bug mouthparts had evolved to be shorter in some populations? By growing a population in a laboratory and forcing them to eat smaller walled fruits for several generations By analyzing the gene variants for mouth parts in different populations By experimentally introducing new fruits into the the ecosystems that the populations they suspected were evolving live in By comparing the mouthparts of modern populations to museum specimens collected in the pastarrow_forwardWhich of the following evidence is not consistent with the idea that evolution is responsible for the diversity of animals we see today? A. The presence of vestigial organs in extant species B. Structural homologies among very different animals C. Fossil records of intermediate life forms D. Earth is not the center of the galaxy or universe Which of the following is not a part of the allopatric speciation by natural selection model? A. Geographically isolated populations evolve or change in response to novel environments. B. Reproductive isolation evolves as a by-product of changes in other traits associated with adapting to new resources or environments. C. Selection against hybridization leads to exaggeration of signals to facilitate recognizing conspecifics( individuals of the same species). D. Changes among or between populations occur while populations are geographically separated. Which of the following is not an example of the evolution of a key innovation (anew trait)…arrow_forwardThe two primates shown below both exhibit large eye orbits. One is a tarsier, the other is an owl monkey (the only nocturnal platyrrhine). Why do these primates share the trait for large eyes? Mark the best answer. Group of answer choices Random mutations, since having large eyes is abnormal in these species of primate. Convergent evolution, since both separately evolved large eyes to adapt to a nocturnal activity pattern. Both inherited this trait from their common ancestor, which was also nocturnal with large eyes. Unclear, cannot determine from the information given.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
The Evolution of Populations: Natural Selection, Genetic Drift, and Gene Flow; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRWXEMlI0_U;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
The Evolution of Humans | Evolution | Biology | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vf_dDp7drFg;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY