(a) Interpretation: The pMg of the solution should be determined. Concept introduction: pX = − log a x = − n ( E c e l l − K ) 0.0592 K = E J − E r e f + L n − number of electrons K − constant L − constant E J − junction potential E ref − reference electrode potential

Question

Discuss the mechanism by which the potential of a platinum electrode becomes poised by immersion into a solution of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in 1 M HCl. Approximately how much charge is required to shift the electrode potential by 100 mV? Why does the potential become uncertain at low concentra tions of Fe(II) and Fe(III), even if the ratio of their concentrations is held near unity? Does this experimental fact reflect thermodynamic considerations? How well do your answers to these issues apply to the establishment of potential at an ionselective electrode?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.25QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The pMg of the solution should be determined.

Concept introduction:

pX = −logax=−n(Ecell−K)0.0592

K=EJ−Eref+L

n − number of electrons

K − constant

L − constant

E_J − junction potential

E_ref − reference electrode potential

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The range of Mg²+ activities within which the true value might be expected should be determined.

Concept introduction:

pX = −logax=−n(Ecell−K)0.0592

K=EJ−Eref+L

n − number of electrons

K − constant

L − constant

E_J − junction potential

E_ref − reference electrode potential

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The relative error in [Mg²⁺] associated with the uncertainty in E_j should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Relative error = (Measured - Actual)Actual×100%

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Discuss the mechanism by which the potential of a platinum electrode becomes poised by immersion into a solution of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in 1 M HCl. Approximately how much charge is required to shift the electrode potential by 100 mV? Why does the potential become uncertain at low concentra tions of Fe(II) and Fe(III), even if the ratio of their concentrations is held near unity? Does this experimental fact reflect thermodynamic considerations? How well do your answers to these issues apply to the establishment of potential at an ionselective electrode?

A 0.2g sample of toothpaste containing fluoride was treated with 50 cm3 of a suitable buffer solution and diluted to 100 cm3. Using a fluoride ion-selective electrode, a 25.00 cm3 aliquot of this solution gave cell potentials of –155.3 mV before and –176.2 mV after spiking with 0.1 cm3 of a 0.5 mg/cm3 fluoride standard. Calculate the pF– corresponding to each cell potential and the percentage by weight of fluoride in the toothpaste.

From the following potentials, calculate the activity of Cl¯ in 1 M KCI. E°(calomel electrode) = 0.268 V E(calomel electrode, 1 M KCI) = 0.280 V

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.25QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The pMg of the solution should be determined.

Concept introduction:

pX = −logax=−n(Ecell−K)0.0592

K=EJ−Eref+L

n − number of electrons

K − constant

L − constant

E_J − junction potential

E_ref − reference electrode potential

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The range of Mg²+ activities within which the true value might be expected should be determined.

Concept introduction:

pX = −logax=−n(Ecell−K)0.0592

K=EJ−Eref+L

n − number of electrons

K − constant

L − constant

E_J − junction potential

E_ref − reference electrode potential

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The relative error in [Mg²⁺] associated with the uncertainty in E_j should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Relative error = (Measured - Actual)Actual×100%

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.25QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The pMg of the solution should be determined.

Concept introduction:

pX = −logax=−n(Ecell−K)0.0592

K=EJ−Eref+L

n − number of electrons

K − constant

L − constant

E_J − junction potential

E_ref − reference electrode potential

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The range of Mg²+ activities within which the true value might be expected should be determined.

Concept introduction:

pX = −logax=−n(Ecell−K)0.0592

K=EJ−Eref+L

n − number of electrons

K − constant

L − constant

E_J − junction potential

E_ref − reference electrode potential

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The relative error in [Mg²⁺] associated with the uncertainty in E_j should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Relative error = (Measured - Actual)Actual×100%

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.25QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The pMg of the solution should be determined.

Concept introduction:

pX = −logax=−n(Ecell−K)0.0592

K=EJ−Eref+L

n − number of electrons

K − constant

L − constant

E_J − junction potential

E_ref − reference electrode potential

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The range of Mg²+ activities within which the true value might be expected should be determined.

Concept introduction:

pX = −logax=−n(Ecell−K)0.0592

K=EJ−Eref+L

n − number of electrons

K − constant

L − constant

E_J − junction potential

E_ref − reference electrode potential

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The relative error in [Mg²⁺] associated with the uncertainty in E_j should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Relative error = (Measured - Actual)Actual×100%

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 23, Problem 23.25QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The pMg of the solution should be determined.

Concept introduction:

pX = −logax=−n(Ecell−K)0.0592

K=EJ−Eref+L

n − number of electrons

K − constant

L − constant

E_J − junction potential

E_ref − reference electrode potential

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The range of Mg²+ activities within which the true value might be expected should be determined.

Concept introduction:

pX = −logax=−n(Ecell−K)0.0592

K=EJ−Eref+L

n − number of electrons

K − constant

L − constant

E_J − junction potential

E_ref − reference electrode potential

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The relative error in [Mg²⁺] associated with the uncertainty in E_j should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Relative error = (Measured - Actual)Actual×100%

Answer 6

Chapter 23, Problem 23.25QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The pMg of the solution should be determined.

Concept introduction:

pX = −logax=−n(Ecell−K)0.0592

K=EJ−Eref+L

n − number of electrons

K − constant

L − constant

E_J − junction potential

E_ref − reference electrode potential

Answer 7

Chapter 23, Problem 23.25QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The pMg of the solution should be determined.

Concept introduction:

pX = −logax=−n(Ecell−K)0.0592

K=EJ−Eref+L

n − number of electrons

K − constant

L − constant

E_J − junction potential

E_ref − reference electrode potential

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The range of Mg²+ activities within which the true value might be expected should be determined.

Concept introduction:

pX = −logax=−n(Ecell−K)0.0592

K=EJ−Eref+L

n − number of electrons

K − constant

L − constant

E_J − junction potential

E_ref − reference electrode potential

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The range of Mg²+ activities within which the true value might be expected should be determined.

Concept introduction:

pX = −logax=−n(Ecell−K)0.0592

K=EJ−Eref+L

n − number of electrons

K − constant

L − constant

E_J − junction potential

E_ref − reference electrode potential

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The relative error in [Mg²⁺] associated with the uncertainty in E_j should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Relative error = (Measured - Actual)Actual×100%

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The relative error in [Mg²⁺] associated with the uncertainty in E_j should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Relative error = (Measured - Actual)Actual×100%

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 23

Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.1QAP Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.2QAP Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.3QAP Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.4QAP Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.5QAP Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.6QAP Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.7QAP Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.8QAP Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.9QAP Ch. 23 - List the advantages and disadvantages of a...

(a) Interpretation: The pMg of the solution should be determined. Concept introduction: pX = − log a x = − n ( E c e l l − K ) 0.0592 K = E J − E r e f + L n − number of electrons K − constant L − constant E J − junction potential E ref − reference electrode potential

Concept explainers

(a)

Interpretation:

The pMg of the solution should be determined.

Concept introduction:

pX = −logax=−n(Ecell−K)0.0592

K=EJ−Eref+L

n − number of electrons

K − constant

L − constant

E_J − junction potential

E_ref − reference electrode potential

(c)

Interpretation:

The relative error in [Mg²⁺] associated with the uncertainty in E_j should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Relative error = (Measured - Actual)Actual×100%

Chapter 23 Solutions

(a) Interpretation: The pMg of the solution should be determined. Concept introduction: pX = − log a x = − n ( E c e l l − K ) 0.0592 K = E J − E r e f + L n − number of electrons K − constant L − constant E J − junction potential E ref − reference electrode potential

Concept explainers

(a) Interpretation: The pMg of the solution should be determined. Concept introduction: pX = −logax=−n(Ecell−K)0.0592 K=EJ−Eref+L n − number of electrons K − constant L − constant EJ − junction potential Eref − reference electrode potential

(c) Interpretation: The relative error in [Mg2+] associated with the uncertainty in Ej should be determined. Concept introduction: Relative error = (Measured - Actual)Actual×100%

Chapter 23 Solutions

(a)

Interpretation:

The pMg of the solution should be determined.

Concept introduction:

pX = −logax=−n(Ecell−K)0.0592

K=EJ−Eref+L

n − number of electrons

K − constant

L − constant

E_J − junction potential

E_ref − reference electrode potential

(c)

Interpretation:

The relative error in [Mg²⁺] associated with the uncertainty in E_j should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Relative error = (Measured - Actual)Actual×100%