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Fighting a Forest Fungus The honey mushroom, Armillaria ostoyae , is a parasite or living trees; it, withdraws nutrients from them. If an infected tree dies, the fungus continues to dine on its remains. Hyphae grow out from the roots of infected trees and from dead stumps. If these hyphae contact roots of a healthy tree, they can invade and cause a new infection. Canadian forest pathologists hypothesized that removing stumps after logging could help prevent tree deaths. To test this hypothesis, they carried out an experiment. In half of a forest, they removed stumps after logging. In a control area, they left stumps behind. For more than 20 years, they recorded tree deaths and whether A ostoyae caused them. FIGURE 23.16 shows the results. FIGURE 23.16 Effect of stump removal on the spread of a fungal pathogen. The graph shows results of a long-term study of how logging practices affect tree deaths caused by the fungus A. ostoyae . In the experimental portion of the forest, whole trees—including stumps—were removed (brown bars). The control portion of the forest was logged conventionally, with stumps left behind (blue stars). For the most affected species, what percentage of deaths did A. ostoyae cause in control and in experimental forests?
Biology: The Unity and Diversity o...
Biology: The Unity and Diversity o...
Fighting a Forest Fungus The honey mushroom, Armillaria ostoyae, is a parasite or living trees; it, withdraws nutrients from them. If an infected tree dies, the fungus continues to dine on its remains. Hyphae grow out from the roots of infected trees and from dead stumps. If these hyphae contact roots of a healthy tree, they can invade and cause a new infection.
Canadian forest pathologists hypothesized that removing stumps after logging could help prevent tree deaths. To test this hypothesis, they carried out an experiment. In half of a forest, they removed stumps after logging. In a control area, they left stumps behind. For more than 20 years, they recorded tree deaths and whether A ostoyae caused them. FIGURE 23.16 shows the results.
FIGURE 23.16 Effect of stump removal on the spread of a fungal pathogen.
The graph shows results of a long-term study of how logging practices affect tree deaths caused by the fungus A. ostoyae. In the experimental portion of the forest, whole trees—including stumps—were removed (brown bars). The control portion of the forest was logged conventionally, with stumps left behind (blue stars).
For the most affected species, what percentage of deaths did A. ostoyae cause in control and in experimental forests?
To determine: The percentage of deaths caused by A. ostoyae in the most affected species in both control and experimental forests.
Introduction: Parasitic fungi attack plants and withdraw nutrients from them. Armillaria ostoyae (honey mushroom) is an example of fungal parasite. They attack the root systems of living trees. When the tree dies, the fungal parasite survives on the dead remains. The hyphae that grow from roots of infected trees and dead stumps invade roots of healthy plants leading to infection.
Explanation of Solution
- A. ostoyae is a parasite of both living and dead trees. As given in the problem statement, Canadian forest pathologists tested their hypothesis that removing stumps after logging could help to prevent tree deaths. They made an experimental design. They removed stumps after logging from half of a forest and left stumps in the control area. They recorded tree deaths for almost more than 20 years. Refer to Fig. 23.16, “Effect of stump removal on the spread of a fungal pathogen” in the textbook. The graphical representation showed the long-term study of logging practices that affect tree deaths by A...
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