Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The structure and the systematic name of the product for the given reaction have to be given.
Concept introduction:
An
Systematic Name: It is a standardized name given for a chemical compound in systematic manner. Any organic molecule can be named by using IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry) rules. IUPAC name consists of three parts in major namely Prefix suffix and root word.
Prefix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkyl group and carboxy, amino, cyano etc…
Suffix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkene,
Root word represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton present in the organic molecule.
When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo.
IUPAC naming for Alkane:
Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.
Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.
Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.
Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.
(b)
Interpretation: The structure and the systematic name of the product for the given reaction have to be given.
Concept introduction: An alkyne undergo halogenation reaction when it is treated with halogens. The addition of four halogen atoms takes place on the carbon-carbon triple bond. The product formed is called as tetrahaloalkanes.
Systematic Name: It is a standardized name given for a chemical compound in systematic manner. Any organic molecule can be named by using IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry) rules. IUPAC name consists of three parts in major namely Prefix suffix and root word.
Prefix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkyl group and carboxy, amino, cyano etc…
Suffix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...
Root word represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton present in the organic molecule.
When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo.
IUPAC naming for Alkane:
Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.
Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.
Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.
Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.
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Chapter 23 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- Draw all structural isomers of C3H8Oarrow_forward5. How many isomers are there Of C6H14? 6. Aside from a halogenated alkane, what other product results from the bromination of hexane? Write the formulaarrow_forwardWhich of the following structural features could be found in a compound with formula C7H12?arrow_forward
- Give the functional group of oxygen in acetic acid(CH3COOH)arrow_forwardDraw the structures of the 3 isomers of C8H18 that contain 3 methyl branches on the main chain, 2 of which are on the same carbon.arrow_forwardDraw the structures for and give the names for each of the isomeric carbonyl compounds corresponding to C4H8O and suggest suitable reactions for distinguishing between themarrow_forward
- Write a condensed structural formula for a dihydroxy compound with the formula C3H8O2.arrow_forwardDraw the structure of the 1 isomer of C8H18 that contains 4 methyl branches on the main chain.arrow_forwarddraw the structure of C8H10NO7P2- and give the general name of the functional grouparrow_forward
- Consider the following possible structural formulas for C3H6O2 . If a structure is not reasonable, explain whatchanges could be made to convert it to a reasonablestructure.arrow_forwardIf C12H24 reacts with HBr in addition reaction, what is the molecular formula of the product?arrow_forwardAn unknown compound A is known to be an alcohol with themolecular formula C4H10O. When dehydrated, compoundA gave only one alkene product, C4H8, compound B. Compound A could not be oxidized. What are the identitiesof compound A and compound B? Draw structures and explain.arrow_forward
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning