How are shared ancestral characters and shared derived characters different? How is the concept of homology related to these concepts?

Q: How does anatomical homology provide evidence of evolution?

A: According to guidelines we have to answer the first question only. so please kindly post the…

Q: How does the fact that all ethnic groups except Africans contain some Neanderthal DNA (1–4 percent…

A: Modern humans (Homo sapiens) were evolved in Africa around 2,00,000 years ago during the…

Q: How do major changes in characters evolve, and how do new features originate?

A: The change in the heritable characteristics of the species across many generations is called…

Q: Do you think that the term “closest evolutionary relationship” and “most common ancestor” are alike?…

A: Evolutionary relationships among different organisms are studied using phylogenetic trees and this…

Q: What is the function of including an outgroup in this phylogeny? After all, the point of the…

A: An outgroup is a lineage that falls outside the clade being studied but is closely related to that…

Q: Snakes evolved from ancestors who had the ability to walk. Some snakes, in fact, still have small…

A: Vestigial structure are the structure that are non - functional or useless or lost in present…

Q: How are taxonomic characters recognized? How are such characters used to construct a cladogram?

A: Taxonomy is the branch of science concerned with classifying the organisms on the basis of their…

Q: How do scientists infer common lineages of different organisms based on their structures?

A: Common lineages/descent It is a term within Evolutionary biology which refers to the common ancestry…

Q: How does a phylogenetic tree indicate the evolutionary relatedness of species?

A: In evolutionary studies, the phylogenetic tree refers to the hypotheses that represent the…

Q: Analogous structures perform similar functions but do not arise from common ancestry. What explains…

A: Comparative anatomy is the study of the similarities and differences in the specific dtructures of…

Q: How is the modern classification system different than the original classification system?

A: The original classification system is published by Carl Linnaeus,in 1735 ,which has been eventually…

Q: Snakes evolved from ancestors who had the ability to walk. Some snakes, in fact, still have small…

A: Evolution is a continuous process and we are still evolving. Evolution is nothing but adapting to…

Q: What does hindlimb shape say about the ancestry of dolphins and other cetaceans?

A: One of the orders of Mammals is Cetaceans that had originated about 50 mya in Eocene epoch. This…

Q: Based on the phylogenetic tree below, which of the following species has hair? Hair Hinged jaw…

A: The evolutionary history of species is referred to as phylogeny. Phylogenetics is the analysis of…

Q: What type of evolution does a bird have? Divergent, Convergent, or Parallel?

A: According to the question, we have to explain the type of evolution a bird has. Some options are…

Q: What does the nostril position say about the ancestry of dolphins and other cetaceans.

A: Cetaceans are aquatic marine mammals.  In this group it contains dolphins and whales. they are…

Q: How might we know what the common ancestor of frogs and humans may have been? Where could we look…

A: Similarities in characters of two organisms definitely suggest that they had some common ancestor…

Q: What hypothesis did Alfred Russel Wallace make about the uniquebirds and mammals on either side of…

A: Alfred Russel Wallace proposed the idea of the Wallace line in the Malay archipelago. The Wallace…

Q: What are the proofs and explanations that Humans are not monkeys in phylogenetic way?

A: There are some proofs and explanations by which we can come to a conclusion that Humans are not…

Q: Are members of a clade similar because they share a common ancestor, or do they belong to the same…

A:

Q: What is a monophyletic clade? What is its difference between paraphyletic and polyphyletic clades?

A: Cladograms or phylogenetic trees refer to branched tree-like diagrams that are used to represent the…

Q: What is the difference between an ancestral character and a shared derived character?

A: Systematics is used to construct a cladogram, which is an evolutionary tree, which depicts the…

Q: What trait separates amphibians from primates on this cladogram?  What separates rabbits and…

A: A phylogeny is a hypothetical relationship between groups of animals that is represented by a…

Q: Which one or more of the 5 clades contain the Eumetazoa?

A: Eumetazoa (diploblasts) are animals whose major characteristics are true tissues (cells embedded…

Q: What is the difference between primitive and advanced species and why is it now considered wrong to…

A: A primitive species has a simple body structure and ancient body design features not changed much…

Q: How do we know the age of the last common ancestor shared by two species?

A: Evolution is the process by which an organism inherits or adapts favourable characteristics that…

Q: In a phylogenetic or evolutionary tree, how is relatedness defined, i.e., what is used to  determine…

A: The relatedness of two species in a phylogenetic analysis has a very particular significance. If two…

Q: How is concept of a common ancestor and concept known as descent with modification interconnected?

A: Descent with modification refers to the passing on of traits from parent organisms to their…

Q: Snakes evolved from ancestors who had the ability to walk. Some snakes, in fact, still have small…

A: The evolution is defined as the change in trait of a species over a period of time.

Q: What is the difference between derived and ancestral and what are the examples?

A: All organisms have been formed from common ancestors. The theory of evolution has proven this time…

Q: What is the phylogenetic relationship between Homo heidelbergensis, H. sapiens, and  H.…

A: Homo heidelbergensis began to develop regional differences that eventually gave rise to two species…

Q: How do Primates fit into the larger phylogenetic tree for all living things?

A: It has been very difficult to resolve the divergence time and the origins of the basal lineage due…

Q: Why don't shared ancestral characters provide evidence for relationships between organisms within a…

A: Species are organized into groups based on shared derived traits (traits different from those of the…

Q: What type of features do you feel should be used to classify humans as a species?

A:

Q: If mutations such as those of the Ubx gene

A: Ubx or ultrabithorax gene is a homeobox gene which is involved in the morphogenesis or the wing…

Q: How is the traditional animal family tree similar or different from the  phylogeny reflecting…

A: Phylogenetic trees represent evolutionary relatedness between living organisms. These relatednesses…

Q: What do the multiregional and out-of-Africa hypotheses predict about the age of the common ancestor…

A: To determine: To determine what the multiregional and out-of-Africa hypotheses predict about the age…

Q: What does the regional variation in archaic Homo sapiens represent in terms of the broader story of…

A: Evolution is the process of a species' features changing over numerous generations through natural…

Q: Are horses and donkeys members of the same species? Why?

A: Equine and horse-like mammals belong to the Equidae family of odd-toed ungulate mammals. Horses,…

Q: In what way do systematists use shared derived characters in their work?

A: Synapomorphies characterize a specific set of groups, but not all members of a clade share the same…

Q: Are bird wings and the wings of bats (evolved from limbs) an example of an evolutionary homology or…

A: Homology means the organs that are evolved from the same point of origin but have evolved different…

Q: What contributed to the natural selection of the finches' beaks?

A: Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution proposed by Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others,…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.