Chapter 24, Problem 25PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species that undergo oxidation has to be identified.

Concept introduction: Those reactions in which one species undergoes reduction and other oxidation simultaneously are known as redox reactions.

Oxidation is defined as loss of electrons or increase in the oxidation state of a molecule, ion or atom. The species which loses electrons or whose oxidation state is being increased is said to be oxidized and is called reducing agent.

Reduction is defined as a gain of electrons or decrease in the oxidation state of a molecule, ion or atom. The species which gain electrons or whose oxidation state is being reduced is said to be reduced and is called oxidizing agent.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species that undergoes reduction has to be identified.

Concept introduction: Those reactions in which one species undergoes reduction and other oxidation simultaneously are known as redox reactions.

Oxidation is defined as loss of electrons or increase in the oxidation state of a molecule, ion or atom. The species which loses electrons or whose oxidation state is being increased is said to be oxidized and is called reducing agent.

Reduction is defined as a gain of electrons or decrease in the oxidation state of a molecule, ion or atom. The species which gain electrons or whose oxidation state is being reduced is said to be reduced and is called oxidizing agent.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species that is acting as oxidizing agent has to be identified.

Concept introduction: Those reactions in which one species undergoes reduction and other oxidation simultaneously are known as redox reactions.

Oxidation is defined as loss of electrons or increase in the oxidation state of a molecule, ion or atom. The species which loses electrons or whose oxidation state is being increased is said to be oxidized and is called reducing agent.

Reduction is defined as a gain of electrons or decrease in the oxidation state of a molecule, ion or atom. The species which gain electrons or whose oxidation state is being reduced is said to be reduced and is called oxidizing agent.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species that is acting as reducing agent for the given reaction has to be identified.

  ${\text{NADH + H}}^{+}+\frac{1}{2}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\to {\text{NAD}}^{+}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Concept introduction: Those reactions in which one species undergoes reduction and other oxidation simultaneously are known as redox reactions.

Oxidation is defined as loss of electrons or increase in the oxidation state of a molecule, ion or atom. The species which loses electrons or whose oxidation state is being increased is said to be oxidized and is called reducing agent.

Reduction is defined as a gain of electrons or decrease in the oxidation state of a molecule, ion or atom. The species which gain electrons or whose oxidation state is being reduced is said to be reduced and is called oxidizing agent.