Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 24, Problem 7TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Molecular clock is a term that is used for technique that uses mutation rate of
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The challenge in using sequence data to estimate the evolutionary tree for all living things is to find a gene that shows recognizable sequence similarities even between highly distantly related species . Which of the following should NOT be among the features of this gene?
A. The gene subject to strong diversifying selection.
B. It is present in all organisms.
C. It encodes a product whose function is essential.
D. The function of the gene must have remained the same in all organisms.
In the book, Jurassic Park, by Michael Crichton, scientists are able to reconstruct dinosaurs by getting dinosaur DNA from a mosquito that had been well-preserved in amber since the era of dinosaurs. Do you believe this can actually happen in real life? Why?
Which result from the Miller and Urey experiment provides evidence that the molecules of life could have spontaneously been produced in the ancient Earth environment?
a
After their experiment, they produced DNA from amino acids.
b
They showed how DNA can be produced from simple molecules that included water, oxygen, carbohydrates, and lipids.
c
Their experiment produced amino acids—the building blocks of life—from chemicals that existed in the environment of ancient Earth.
d
Miller and Urey's experiment provided evidence that showed that although oxygen was lacking in the environment of ancient Earth, it could be readily made from the decomposition of rocks and minerals.
Chapter 24 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 24.1 - How does the system of binomial nomenclature...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.2 - What is the difference between a phylogenetic tree...Ch. 24.2 - What are the differences between a monophyletic...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 24.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.5 - How does outgroup comparison facilitate the...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 24.6 - What assumption underlies the use of genetic...Ch. 24.6 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.7 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.7 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24 - The evolutionary history of a group of organisms...Ch. 24 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 24 - Which of the following does not help systematists...Ch. 24 - In a cladistic analysis, a systematist groups...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 24 - When systematists study morphological or...Ch. 24 - Which of the following pairs of structures are...Ch. 24 - To construct a phylogenetic tree by applying the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 24 - Imagine that you are a systematist studying a...Ch. 24 - Design an Experiment Imagine that you are trying...Ch. 24 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 24 - The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae)...
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- Explain why the answer is correct. For eukaryote cells to evolve into new types of eukaryotic organisms, which of the following would one expect to occur? The correct answer is E a) these cells have evolved because they have different DNA because of mutations b) Their endoplasmic reticulum is synthesizing new and/or different proteins. c) These specialized cells activate new genes to synthesize new proteins. d) these organisms have new characteristics because they have acquired new genes. e) all of these are truearrow_forwardIf two different organisms are closely related evolutionarily, then they will (a) be similar in size. (b) share a recent common ancestor. (c) have very different DNA sequences in their genes. (d) be randomly located throughout the world.arrow_forwardWhen two organisms are very distantly related in an evolutionary sense, (a) they should have extremely similar embryonic development. (b) they must share a very recent common ancestor. (c) the sequences of DNA in their genes should be less similar (more different) than those of two more closely related organisms. (d) they should share more homologous traits than two more closely related organisms share.arrow_forward
- Use the information and diagram to answer the following question. In humans, the pelvis and femur are involved in walking. Despite the fact modern whales live in water, they contain a pelvis and femur that are common in land dwelling animals. Based on your observation of the whale diagram and your understanding of evidence that supports evolution, what is TRUE about the pelvis and femur found in living whales today? A. They are newly developed structures found in modern whales due to mutations. B. They are examples of fossilized remains of ancient organisms. C. They are traits acquired by modern whales over time as they adapted to living in water. D. They are vestigial structures which are remnants of structures that served a function in the organism’s ancestors.arrow_forwardWhich of the following does not apply to mutations?a. They occur to cause adaptive changes in response to the environment.b. They are usually either harmful or neutral.c. They are only inherited if they occur in a sperm or egg cell.d. They often occur when DNA is copied.arrow_forwardMolecular clocks are based on comparisons of the number of______ mutations between species. a. lethal c. conservative b. neutral d. nonconservativearrow_forward
- Which of the following does not support the idea of descent with modification? A. Organisms and the cells that they are composed of arise from DNA B. When organisms reproduce they generate new copies of DNA to pass down to their offspring C. We inherit traits from our ancestors because in possess molecules of their DNA that you received from your parents D. In the process of DNA replication, mutations occur with the goal of increasing an organism's fitnessarrow_forwardExplain how evolution occurs after a mass extinction. Give a step-by-step process (use bullet points and underline key words you know I am looking for).arrow_forwardWhy is molecular data for phylogenetic inference best analyzed with use of an explicit model of molecular evolution? A) This is true of morphological data, not molecular data, it is impossible to model changes in molecular sequence data because it is constantly evolving. B) Because molecular data is known to only experience random changes and is constantly evolving, a chaotic model of evolution can universally be applied to molecular sequence data for phylogenetic analysis. C) Because molecular data is known to experience non-random changes in terms of the likelihood of different types of mutations -- transitions vs. transversions, at different codon positions, which can be used to infer sequence evolution and relationship. D) None of the above.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT true of biological evolution? a. It always involves genetic changes b. it always involves groups of individuals c. it requires the existence of genetic variation within a population d. it can include non-genetic changes in an organism, if the organism is complex enougharrow_forwardBy comparing DNA sequence of a specific gene, we can determine the evolutionary relationship of two organisms. Based on the sequence listed below, which two species would you expect to be more closely related? Organism No.1 with ATG CAA TAC GCC, organism No. 2 with ATG CAT GAC ACC and organims No. 3 with ATG CAT TAC GCC A. Organims No.2 and No.3 are likely more closely related. b.Organims No.1 and No.2 are likely more closely related. c.Organims No 1 and No.3 are likely more closely related.arrow_forwardEVOLUTION LINK Write short paragraphs explaining each of the following statements: (a) Natural selection chooses from among the individuals in a population those most suited to current environmental conditions. It does not guarantee survival under future conditions. (b) Individuals do not evolve, but populations do. (c) The organisms that exist today do so because their ancestors had traits that allowed them and their offspring to thrive. (d) At the molecular level, evolution can take place by the replacement of one nucleotide by another. (e) Evolution is said to have occurred within a population when measurable genetic changes are detected.arrow_forward
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