Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780357093795
Author: STARR
Publisher: CENGAGE LEARNING (CUSTOM)
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Chapter 25, Problem 2DAA
Deathly Lamprey Repellent Predation by sea lampreys on native fishes in the Great Lakes is an ongoing problem. To help solve it, Michael Wagner and his team test methods of repelling lampreys. They carried out an experiment to investigate reports that sea lampreys detect the scent of lamprey carcasses and tend to avoid them. The researchers made alcohol-based lamprey carcass extracts, then observed what happened when lampreys were put in tanks and exposed to either this extract or to alcohol alone. FIGURE 25.6 shows their results.
FIGURE 25.6 Effectiveness of carcass extracts as a lamprey repellent.
Mean proportion of lampreys on the scented side of the test tank during B trials with 10 lampreys. Lampreys were placed in the tank for 20 minutes before exposure to alcohol or carcass extract and remained there for 40 minutes after exposure. The upper graph shows results with alcohol as the stimulus; the lower shows the results with carcass extracts. Bars indicate standard error.
What was the lowest proportion on lampreys on the scented side of the tank when the scent was alcohol? When the scent was alcohol-based carcass extract?
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Bats mostly hunt insects at night. They are able to determine the distance and speed of any prey they are chasing, which has helped them to become excellent nocturnal predators. One potential prey, the tiger moth, has developed two separate methods of evading predation.
First, tiger moths emit a toxin that is distasteful to bats, birds, and most other vertebrate predators. Second, they use an organ called a "tymbal" to create a series of high-pitched clicks that only bats can hear, and which identify the tiger moths as something the bats don't like to eat. Bats who prey on tiger moths discover they don't taste very good, learn to identify tiger moths by their clicks, and avoid eating them. Use this information to answer the questions below.
Question 1: The scenario above describes a distinct evolutionary interaction. What is it?Can you explain?
Question 2: Why is it necessary for the moth to produce both a tymbal click and a toxin? Why not just a toxin? Do you think there are…
"Although PTC is not found in nature, the ability to taste it correlates strongly with the ability to taste other bitter substances that do occur naturally, many of which are toxins."
Why would knowing if you are a taster or non-taster of PTC be important to survival in the wild?
Your answer:
How would you apply this in a Lamarckian explanation?
Tiger Moths (Bertholdia trigona) produce high pitched ultrasonic clicking (at a rate of 4500 clicks/sec) when they hear the echolocation calls of bats (bats eat moths). As a result, the bat's sonar is jammed and the Tiger Moth escapes without being caught, killed, and eaten. Please use your knowledge of Evolution by Natural Selection to explain the process by which this remarkable anti-predator defense evolved in Tiger Moths.
Please use your Knowledge of Evolution by Natural Selection to explain the process by which this remarkable anti-predator defense evolved in Tiger Moths.
Chapter 25 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
Ch. 25 - Deathly Lamprey Repellent Predation by sea...Ch. 25 - Deathly Lamprey Repellent Predation by sea...Ch. 25 - Prob. 3DAACh. 25 - Prob. 4DAACh. 25 - Prob. 1SQCh. 25 - Which of the traits listed above are retained by...Ch. 25 - Vertebrate jaw banes evolved from ___ . a. gill...Ch. 25 - Prob. 4SQCh. 25 - Tetra pods evolved from ___ . a. sharks b....Ch. 25 - Turtles, Lizards, and birds belong to one major...
Ch. 25 - Prob. 7SQCh. 25 - Prob. 8SQCh. 25 - Prob. 9SQCh. 25 - Feathers and hair consist mainly of ___ . a....Ch. 25 - Prob. 11SQCh. 25 - ______ have scaleless skin and a heart with three...Ch. 25 - Prob. 13SQCh. 25 - Prob. 14SQCh. 25 - Arrange the groups in order in which they evolved....Ch. 25 - In 1798, a stuffed platypus specimen was delivered...Ch. 25 - Controlling forbody size, would you expect a...Ch. 25 - Why is it more difficult to determine the sex of a...Ch. 25 - Prob. 4CT
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