Biology: The Unity and Diversity o...

15th Edition

Cecie Starr + 3 others

ISBN: 9781337408332

Textbook Problem

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Many modem people have some Neanderthal DNA in their genome, but the Neanderthal alleles are not uniformly distributed across their genome. A person of European or Asian ancestry typically has 1.5 to 2 percent Neanderthal DNA in their autosomes. However, researchers have never found any Neanderthal alleles on the Y chromosome of a modern human. By one hypothesis, Neanderthal Y alleles disappeared because they were incompatible with H. sapiens genes. Explain how reduced fitness in hybrids arising from genetic incompatibility could have, over time, led to the elimination of the Neanderthal Y alleles from the H. sapiens gene pool.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reduced fitness in hybrids arising from genetic incompatibility could have, overtime, led to the elimination of the Neanderthal Y alleles from the H. sapien gene pool.

Concept introduction: Neanderthals and human beings share a common ancestor and both have said to have been occupied closer niches. During these periods, interspecific breeding might have occurred. As a result, current day European and Asian population have Neanderthal DNA in their autosomes. Neanderthals became extinct, but human beings survived.

Explanation

Interspecific breeding often results in progeny that are sterile. Also, there is a possibility of chromosomal incompatibility and genetic incompatibility. These two factors mainly govern the reproductive capacity of the progeny produced out of interpsecific breeding. The sex chromosomes of humans and Neanderthals might have been incompatible. As a result, the sex chromosomes might have not been equally distributed between two daughter cells during meiosis. The cells with errors in chromosome numbers might fail to replicate. The Y chromosome has alleles that might reduce the fitness of the offspring it is inherited in...

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Biology: The Unity and Diversity o...

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Biology Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)15th Edition