Biology: The Unity and Diversity o...

15th Edition

Cecie Starr + 3 others

ISBN: 9781337408332

Textbook Problem

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Tree Rings Reveal Droughts El Malpais National Monument, in west central New Mexico, has pockets of vegetation that have been surrounded by lava fields for about 3,000 years, so they have escaped wildfires, grazing animals, agricultural activity, and logging. Henri Grissino-Mayer generated a 2,129-year annual precipitation record using tree ring data from living and dead trees in this park (FIGURE 27.22).

FIGURE 27.22 Annual precipitation record for 2,129 years, inferred from compiled tree ring data in El Malpais National Monument, New Mexico. Data were averaged over 10-year intervals; the graph correlates with other indicators of rainfall collected in all parts of North America. PDSI, Palmer Drought Severity Index: 0, normal rainfall; increasing numbers mean increasing excess of rainfall; decreasing numbers mean increasing severity of drought.

* A severe drougt contributed to a series of catastrophic dust storms that turned the midwestern United States into a "dust bowl" between 1933 and 1939.

One of the worst population catastrophes ever recorded occurred in Mesoamerica between 1519 and a.d. 1600, when around 22 million people native to the region died. Which period between 137 b.c. and 1992 had the most severe drought? How long did that drought last?

Summary Introduction

To determine: The period between 137 B.C. and 1992 which had the most severe drought and the duration of that drought.

Concept introduction: Tree rings are the number of concentric rings in the cross section of the tree trunks that represent a single year growth. Tree ring dating is done to find the exact year of their formation. Tree ring dating helps to analyze the atmospheric condition during the different periods in history. The researchers have created the record of drought dating back hundreds to thousands of years by using tree rings.

Explanation

In the graph, the annual precipitation is represented in the y-axis and the years are represented in the x-axis. The drought is represented in PDSI which stands for Palmer Drought Severity Index...

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Biology Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)15th Edition