Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 28, Problem 16TYU
Summary Introduction
To explain: The way in which bisexual flowers are an advantageous evolutionary adaptation to the plants that produce them.
Introduction: Plants may have unisexual flowers or bisexual flowers. Bisexual flowers such as lily and rose have both male and female organs in the same flower. Bisexual flowers are most common in flowering plants. In gymnosperms, cones are either male or female. The presence of bisexual flowers provides an evolutionary advantage to
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GENERAL BIOLOGY 2
Q1 : How can plants reproduce naturally??
A. Using anthers
B. Using cuttings
C. Using runners
D. Using pollen
2. A female human's eggs are reproduced in the...??
A. Fallopian tube
B. Uterus
C. Ovaries
D. Vagina
3. What are the functions of ovaries in a flowering plant??
A. To produce female gametes
B. To produce male and female gametes
C. To produce male gametes
D. To produce stigma
MAKE CONNECTIONS What examples of plantreproduction are most similar to asexual reproductionin animals? (See Concept 38.2.)
EXPERIMENT 4: INDUCTION OF CALLUS SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF HAPLOID PLANTS
Objective:
To prepare anther as a source of explant
To induce callus somatic embryogenesis of haploid plants
Procedure:
Cut off the buds and sort them into 3 developmental stages based on length of buds
Surface sterilize the buds in 70% ethanol for 2-3 minutes, making sure the entire bud is immersed in the alcohol.
Drain off excess alcohol from the buds and aseptically excise the anthers from each bud.
Remove the filaments and culture the anther on one of the agar media provided. Label the stage of development of the bud on each petri dish as the anthers are cultured. Seal the Petri dishes with parafilm.
Incubate in the dark at 26 to 28ºC for 4 to 8 weeks or until small plants can be seen growing out of the anthers. Then transfer to diffuse light.
Record the results of the experiment in table form and submit the report.
Observation:
The culture was contaminated after 8 weeks of incubation…
Chapter 28 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 28.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 28.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 28.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 28.2 - Trace the steps in the life cycle of a pine and...Ch. 28.2 - Summarize the features that distinguish...Ch. 28.2 - Name and briefly describe the four phyla of...Ch. 28.2 - What is the dominant generation in the pine life...Ch. 28.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 28.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 28.2 - Prob. 4C
Ch. 28.3 - Summarize the features that distinguish flowering...Ch. 28.3 - Briefly explain the life cycle of a flowering...Ch. 28.3 - Contrast monocots and eudicots, the two largest...Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 8LOCh. 28.3 - How do nonreproductive adaptations of flowering...Ch. 28.3 - How does the flowering plant life cycle differ...Ch. 28.3 - What are the two major classes of flowering...Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 28.4 - Summarize the evolution of gymnosperms from...Ch. 28.4 - What features distinguish progymnosperms from seed...Ch. 28.4 - Describe the significant features of the oldest...Ch. 28.4 - Are monocots considered basal or core angiosperms?...Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1....Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 2....Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 3. The...Ch. 28 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 5....Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 6....Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 7. A...Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 8. A...Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 9....Ch. 28 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 11....Ch. 28 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 28 - Test Your Understanding Apply and Analyze 13. You...Ch. 28 - VISUALIZE Sketch a seed of a gymnosperm and of a...Ch. 28 - CONNECT How do the life cycles of seedless plants...Ch. 28 - Prob. 16TYUCh. 28 - Test Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize...Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize...
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Test Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize 14. VISUALIZE construct a cladogram based on the following data. Mosses are plants with no vascular tissue. Horse-tails, ferns, gymnosperms (pines and other plants with naked seeds), and angiosperms (flowering plants) are all vascular plants. Seeds are absent in all but the gymnosperms and angiosperms. Angiosperms are the only seed plants with flowers. (Hint: To help you construct the cladogram, draw a simple table showing which characters are present in each group. See Fig. 23-9.) Figure 23-9 Constructing a cladogram using outgroup analysis
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Test Your Understanding Apply and Analyze 13. You are given a plant that you have never seen before (see figure). Is it a gymnosperm or angiosperm? A monocot or eudicot? What are the features that helped you make these determinations?
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Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 9. After fertilization, the______________ develop(s) into a fruit and the ______________ develop(s) into a seed. (a) ovary; ovule (b) polar nuclei; ovule (c) ovary; endosperm (d) ovule; ovary (e) ovule; polar nuclei
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Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 8. A flower that lacks stamens is both _______________ and _______________. (a) complete; imperfect (b) incomplete; perfect (c) complete; perfect (d) incomplete; imperfect
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Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 3. The immature male gametophytes of pine are called (a) ovules (b) stamens (c) seed cones (d) pollen grains (e) polar nuclei
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Test Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize 18. EVOLUTION LINK Where would you place the progymnosperms on Figure 28-2? Explain your reasoning. Figure 28-2 Gymnosperm and angiosperm evolution This cladogram shows a current hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships among living seed plants, based on structural evidence, molecular comparisons, and fossils. Relationships among extant gymnosperm clades and angiosperms remain controversial. The arrangement of the phyla shown here may change as future analyses help clarify relationships.
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Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 5. Motile sperm cells are found as vestiges in these two gymnosperm groups: (a) monocots, eudicots (b) gnetophytes, conifers (c) gnetophytes, flowering plants (d) cycads, conifers (e) cycads, ginkgo
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Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1. Seed plants lack which of the following structure(s)? (a) ovules surrounded by integuments (b) microspores and megaspores (c) vascular tissues (d) a large, nutritionally independent sporophyte (e) a large, nutritionally independent gametophyte
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Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 11. This flowering plant may be the nearest living relative to the ancestor of all flowering plants, (a) Amborella (b) Archaeopteris (c) Gnetum (d) water lily (e) magnolia
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In a plant’s male reproductive organs, development of pollen takes place in a structure known as the. stamen microsporangium anther tapetum
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In flowers, a _______ contains one or more ovaries. a. Pollen sac b. Carpel c. receptacle d. sepal
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Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 6. There are at least _______________ species of flowering plants worldwide. (a) 300 (b) 3000 (c) 30,000 (d) 300,000 (e) 3,000,000
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