Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 28, Problem 18TYU
Test Your Understanding
Evaluate and Synthesize
18. EVOLUTION LINK Where would you place the progymnosperms on Figure 28-2? Explain your reasoning.
Figure 28-2 Gymnosperm and angiosperm evolution
This cladogram shows a current hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships among living seed plants, based on structural evidence, molecular comparisons, and fossils. Relationships among extant gymnosperm clades and
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Evolutionary Developmentà VASCULAR TISSUE
What is vascular tissue?
Seedless Vascular Plants (vascular tissue, no seeds)
How long ago do seedless vascular plants first appear in the fossil record?
Name 2 types of seedless vascular plants that are extant:
Evolutionary Developmentà SEEDS
What is a seed?
Seed Plants (vascular tissue, seeds)
How long ago do seed plants first appear in the fossil record?
There are 2 Types of Seed Plants:
Gymnosperms
Give 2 examples of modern plants that are gymnosperms:
Angiosperms (flowering plants)
Give 2 examples of modern plants that are angiosperms:
Thoroughly explain the life cycle of soybean (Glycine max). A hand drawn diagram should form the basis of your answer. Highlight important life history
stages (generations), their ploidy, and ploidy changing events common to all plants.
-Contrast the soybean life cycle with the life cycle of animals.
-Highlight the features that make the soybean life cycle different from life cycles of other
plant groups.
-Specifically contrast the soybean life cycle with that of gymnosperms like pine trees
(species in the genus Pinus)
use the terminology associated with the generic plant life
cycle as well as the group specific terms (e.g., megagametophyte versus embryo sac)
1. Describe the interrelationships among the different gymnosperm lineages, as inferred from the two cladograms. What are the common patterns you see in the two figures, and in what ways do they differ?
2. Based on the cladograms , what can you say about an early interpretation or hypothesis that the gnetophytes are probably the sister lineage of the angiosperms? Support with the pattern you see in the cladograms.
3. Linnean- or rank based classification systems have placed the cycads, ginkgo, conifers and gnetophytes, respectively, into separate categories, of equal ranking (i.e., each gymnosperm group a Phylum or Division). Is the Linnaean classification of each gymnosperm group justifiable, based on the information shown in the figures?
Chapter 28 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 28.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 28.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 28.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 28.2 - Trace the steps in the life cycle of a pine and...Ch. 28.2 - Summarize the features that distinguish...Ch. 28.2 - Name and briefly describe the four phyla of...Ch. 28.2 - What is the dominant generation in the pine life...Ch. 28.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 28.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 28.2 - Prob. 4C
Ch. 28.3 - Summarize the features that distinguish flowering...Ch. 28.3 - Briefly explain the life cycle of a flowering...Ch. 28.3 - Contrast monocots and eudicots, the two largest...Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 8LOCh. 28.3 - How do nonreproductive adaptations of flowering...Ch. 28.3 - How does the flowering plant life cycle differ...Ch. 28.3 - What are the two major classes of flowering...Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 28.4 - Summarize the evolution of gymnosperms from...Ch. 28.4 - What features distinguish progymnosperms from seed...Ch. 28.4 - Describe the significant features of the oldest...Ch. 28.4 - Are monocots considered basal or core angiosperms?...Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1....Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 2....Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 3. The...Ch. 28 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 5....Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 6....Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 7. A...Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 8. A...Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 9....Ch. 28 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 11....Ch. 28 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 28 - Test Your Understanding Apply and Analyze 13. You...Ch. 28 - VISUALIZE Sketch a seed of a gymnosperm and of a...Ch. 28 - CONNECT How do the life cycles of seedless plants...Ch. 28 - Prob. 16TYUCh. 28 - Test Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize...Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize...
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- Test Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize 14. VISUALIZE construct a cladogram based on the following data. Mosses are plants with no vascular tissue. Horse-tails, ferns, gymnosperms (pines and other plants with naked seeds), and angiosperms (flowering plants) are all vascular plants. Seeds are absent in all but the gymnosperms and angiosperms. Angiosperms are the only seed plants with flowers. (Hint: To help you construct the cladogram, draw a simple table showing which characters are present in each group. See Fig. 23-9.) Figure 23-9 Constructing a cladogram using outgroup analysisarrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Apply and Analyze 13. You are given a plant that you have never seen before (see figure). Is it a gymnosperm or angiosperm? A monocot or eudicot? What are the features that helped you make these determinations?arrow_forwardEvaluate and Synthesize 15. INTERPRET DATA According to the cladogram in Figure 27-5, which plants evolved first: nonvascular bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, or seed plants?arrow_forward
- Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 9. After fertilization, the______________ develop(s) into a fruit and the ______________ develop(s) into a seed. (a) ovary; ovule (b) polar nuclei; ovule (c) ovary; endosperm (d) ovule; ovary (e) ovule; polar nucleiarrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1. Seed plants lack which of the following structure(s)? (a) ovules surrounded by integuments (b) microspores and megaspores (c) vascular tissues (d) a large, nutritionally independent sporophyte (e) a large, nutritionally independent gametophytearrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 11. This flowering plant may be the nearest living relative to the ancestor of all flowering plants, (a) Amborella (b) Archaeopteris (c) Gnetum (d) water lily (e) magnoliaarrow_forward
- Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 3. The immature male gametophytes of pine are called (a) ovules (b) stamens (c) seed cones (d) pollen grains (e) polar nucleiarrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 8. A flower that lacks stamens is both _______________ and _______________. (a) complete; imperfect (b) incomplete; perfect (c) complete; perfect (d) incomplete; imperfectarrow_forwardEvaluate and Synthesize 14. EVOLUTION LINK How may the following trends in plant evolution be adaptive to living on land? (a) dependence on water for fertilization no need for water as a transport medium (b) homospory heterosporyarrow_forward
- Test Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize 17. EVOLUTION LINK Contrast the algae, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms with respect to their dependence on water as a transport medium for reproductive cells. Suggest a hypothesis to explain how the differences might be adaptive to living on land.arrow_forwardDiscuss Concepts Compare the size, anatomical complexity, and degree of independence of a Douglas fir female gametophyte and a dogwood female gametophyte. Which one is the most protected from the external environment? Which trend(s) in plant evolution does your work on this question bring to mind?arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 7. A simple pistil consists of a single (a) calyx (b) carpel (c) ovule (d) filament (e) petalarrow_forward
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