Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 28, Problem 5P
Molecules of DNA Polymerase III per Cell vs. Growth Rate It is estimated that there are 40 molecules of DNA polymerase III per E. coli cell, is it likely that the growth rate of E. coli is limited by DNA polymerase III availability?
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RNA polymerase from E. coli (core enzyme alone) has all of the following properties except:
a)requires all four ribonucleoside triphosphates and a DNA template.
b)can extend an RNA chain and initiate a new chain.
c)recognizes specific start signals in DNA.
d)produces an RNA polymer that begins with a 5'-triphosphate.
e)is required for the synthesis of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA in E. coli.
a) Explain how the molecular mechanism of DNA polymerase enhances DNA replication.
b) Discuss the characteristic of DNA polymerase 1,
Nick translation
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1c) During DNA replication, both positive and negative supercoiling is introduced in the DNA being replicated. Name the enzymes that introduce supercoiling into DNA during replication; please clearly indicate which enzyme(s) introduce positive supercoiling and which enzyme(s) introduce negative supercoiling.
Chapter 28 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 28 - Semiconservative or Conservative DNA Replication...Ch. 28 - The Enzymatic Activities of DNA Polymerase I (a)...Ch. 28 - Multiple Replication Forks in E. coli I Assuming...Ch. 28 - Multiple Replication Forks in E. coli II On the...Ch. 28 - Molecules of DNA Polymerase III per Cell vs....Ch. 28 - Number of Okazaki Fragments in E. coli and Human...Ch. 28 - The Roles of Helicases and Gyrases How do DNA...Ch. 28 - Human Genome Replication Rate Assume DNA...Ch. 28 - Heteroduplex DNA Formation in Recombination From...Ch. 28 - Homologous Recombination, Heteroduplex DNA, and...
Ch. 28 - Prob. 11PCh. 28 - Prob. 12PCh. 28 - Chemical Mutagenesis of DNA Bases Show the...Ch. 28 - Prob. 14PCh. 28 - Recombination in Immunoglobulin Genes If...Ch. 28 - Helicase Unwinding of the E. coli Chromosome...Ch. 28 - Prob. 17PCh. 28 - Functional Consequences of Y-Family DNA Polymerase...Ch. 28 - Figure 28.11 depicts the eukaryotic cell cycle....Ch. 28 - Figure 28.41 gives some examples of recombination...Ch. 28 - Prob. 21PCh. 28 - Prob. 22P
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
Multiple Replication Forks in E. coli I Assuming DNA replication proceeds at a rate of 750 base pairs per second, calculate how long it will take to replicate the entire E. coli genome. Under optimal conditions, E. coli cells divide every 20 minutes. What is the minimal number of replication forks per E. coli chromosome in order to sustain such a rate of cell division?
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Human Genome Replication Rate Assume DNA replication proceeds at a rate of 100 base pairs per second in human cells and origins of replication occur every 300 kbp. Assume also that human DNA polymerases are highly processive and only two molecules of DNA polymerase arc needed per replication fork. How long would it take to replicate the entire diploid human genome? How many molecules of DNA polymerase does each cell need to carry out this task?
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Multiple Replication Forks in E. coli II On the basis of Figure 28.2, draw a simple diagram illustrating replication of the circular E. coli chromosome (a) at an early stage, (b) when one-third completed, (c) when two-thirds completed, and (d) when almost finished, assuming the initiation of replication at oriC has occurred only once. Then, draw a diagram showing the E. coli chromosome in problem 3 where the E. coli cell is dividing every 20 minutes.
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Number of Okazaki Fragments in E. coli and Human DNA Replication Approximately how many Okazaki fragments are synthesized in the course of replicating an E. coli chromosome? How many in replicating an “average� human chromosome?
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Which of the following phases is characterized by preparation for DNA synthesis? G0 G1 G2 S
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Semiconservative or Conservative DNA Replication If 15N-Iabeled E. coli DNA has a density of 1.724 g/mL, 14N-labeled DNA has a density of 1.710 g/mL, and E. coli cells grown for many generations on 14NH4+as a nitrogen source are transferred to media containing 15NH4+as the sole N-source, (a) What will be the density of the DNA after one generation, assuming replication is semiconservative? (b) Suppose replication took place by a conservative mechanism in which the parental strands remained together and the two progeny strands were paired. Design an experiment that could distinguish between semiconservative and conservative modes of replication.
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Not just generic "degradation" or even shorter DNA fragments, what specific structure change in double-stranded DNA does the hyperchromicity effect show?
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Part 4. Putting It Together
1) Consider the diagram below as well as the given information.
This diagram represents a piece of circular DNA which was cut in 4 separate reactions (4 different test tubes, each with some of this DNA in it). One digest was done with AvaI, another with ClaI, a third with EcoRV, and a fourth with ScaI. The locations of the recognition sequences for each restriction enzyme are shown along with the location of that site in bp along the circle (it goes clockwise from position 1). You run an agarose gel with a molecular weight marker in the first lane, the AvaI digest in lane 2, the ClaI digest in lane 3, the EcoRV digest in lane 4, and the ScaI digest in lane 5.
a) Use the space below and draw out the agarose gel described above. Use your drawing to answer the next questions.
b) How many bands of DNA are there in lane 3?
c) How many bands of DNA are there in lane 5?
d) There would be 2 bands of DNA in lane 4. How big are they?
e) Which lane…
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Which statements are true? Explain why or why not.1 Because the DNA double helix is only 2 nm wide—well below the limit of resolution of the light microscope—it is impossible to see chromosomes in living cells withoutspecial stains.2 A fluorescent molecule, having absorbed a singlephoton of light at one wavelength, always emits it at a longer wavelength.
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Replication of a circular DNA molecule can occur by either theta replication or by rolling circle replication. Describe or explain three differences between these two modes of DNA replication. Be VERY specific and accurately describe the differences between the two.
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4a in context to taking genomic DNA from eukaryotic cells and randomly shearing it into pieces of a constant size, why do some of the genomic DNA fragments re-nature so much more quickly than other fragments
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5.Antimetabolites 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate are used for treatment of cancer. Explain the mechanism of their action. For this:
aWrite the reactions inhibited by these drugs by formulas. Indicate enzymes, coenzymes. Represent the scheme ofregeneration ofrequired coenzyme, serving for transfer of one-carbon group
b)Explain how the product of these reactions is used for further DNA replication. What other substrates are needed for this process?
c)Write the reaction ofconvertion ofGDP todGDP. Specify the way of reduction of required specific protein.
d) What are the side effects of such anticancer therapy?
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