Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 29, Problem 1ITD
Summary Introduction
To review:
The relation of reproductive isolation related to the flowering plants that are associated with annual or perennial genotypes.
Introduction:
Adaptation of species is defined as the ability of a species to adjust according to their surroundings. These surroundings may include temperature, availability of
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Clausen and colleagues proposed two hypotheses to explain this variation within a species: (1) There are genetic differences between populations of plants found at different elevations. (2) The species has developmental flexibility and can assume tall or short growth forms, depending on local abiotic factors. If you had seeds from yarrow plants found at low and high elevations, what experiments would you perform to test these hypotheses?
Select the three experiments.
In most plants the largest, longest-lived body is a diploid sporophyte. By one hypothesis, diploid dominance was favored because it allowed a greater level of genetic diversity. Suppose that a recessive mutation arises. It is mildly disadvantageous now, but it will be useful in some future environment. Explain why such a mutation would be more likely to persist in a fern than in a moss.
While conducting a plant diversity survey in a temperate rainforest in Washington state, you come across a number of individuals of a low-lying plant species. These plants spread over the surface of moist groun and have numerous small stems that have tiny leaflets. They have root-like structures but do NOT have roots. Back at the lab, tests indicate that the majority of the plant material is haploid. The plant you discovered is likely most closely related to
-a moss.
-complex streptophyte algae.
-a daisy
-a conifer
-a lycophyte
Chapter 29 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 29.1 - What major reproductive adaptations facilitated...Ch. 29.1 - How did seeds, pollen, and pollination affect the...Ch. 29.2 - Why are gymnosperms called naked seed plants?Ch. 29.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 29.2 - Summarize the steps of the pine life cycle.Ch. 29.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 29.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 29.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 29.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 29.5 - Name four major ways human societies rely on seed...
Ch. 29.5 - Prob. 2SBCh. 29 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 29 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 29 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 29 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 29 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 29 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 29 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 29 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 29 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 29 - Adaptations that correlate with the adaptive...Ch. 29 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 29 - Discuss Concepts Modern humans emerged about...Ch. 29 - Discuss Concepts Compare the size, anatomical...Ch. 29 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 29 - Discuss Concepts Working in the field, you...Ch. 29 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 29 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 29 - Prob. 2ITD
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- One of the effects of climate change on ecological communities is the disruptionof seasonal timing or phenology. A team of biologists is trying to determine the potential forrapid evolutionary responses of plants to changing seasonal conditions. They do alaboratory selection experiment on flowering time in an annual plant to test for the presence ofadditive genetic variance for this trait. They measure the time between germination andflowering for 400 plants under controlled laboratory conditions and then use 25% with theshortest flowering times to find a second generation in the lab (with pollination based onrandom number sampling). The mean flowering time for the overall parental population was 80days. The mean for the selected 25% of individuals was 60 days. In the offspring generation, themean flowering time was 70 days. 6a. What is the narrow-sense heritability for flowering time for these plants under laboratoryconditions? 6b. If you performed another round of selection on the…arrow_forwardFruit scientists are trying to determine the role of the pectinase (p) gene in a plant’s ability to tolerate cold conditions. The table shows each of three possible fruit tree genotypes and the percentage of fruit produced at different temperature ranges. Which of the following statements best describes the evolutionary concept illustrated by this example? A. Homozygous genotypes increase fitness in a population. B. Hybrid plants are known to have a disadvantage over homozygous genotypes. C. Natural selection selects against the recessive gene and for the dominant gene. D. Certain phenotypic variations can significantly increase fitness of the organism in particular environments.arrow_forwardCucumbers and melons are both members of the genus Cucumis, which includes members with distinct geographical origins: the Asiatic group and the African group. The African members of the genus possess disease resistance not found among the Asiatic members of the same genus, and scientists were interested in creating melon-cucumber hybrids that would possess enhanced resistance to mildew and plant viruses. Plant breeders have nicknamed this new fruit, the “melumber”, but its scientific name is Cucumis hytivus. Please fill in the table attached and answer the following questions. a.) Assuming that the Hoosier cucumber was produced in a laboratory at Indiana University, briefly describe the most likely method by which it was produced and the biological mechanism involved in the action of the agent utilized by the scientists. b.) Suppose scientists wanted to employ an alternative approach to producing cucumber plants that were resistant to the cucumber mosaic virus. List the steps…arrow_forward
- Cucumbers and melons are both members of the genus Cucumis, which includes members with distinct geographical origins: the Asiatic group and the African group. The African members of the genus possess disease resistance not found among the Asiatic members of the same genus, and scientists were interested in creating melon-cucumber hybrids that would possess enhanced resistance to mildew and plant viruses. Plant breeders have nicknamed this new fruit, the “melumber”, but its scientific name is Cucumis hytivus. Please fill in the table attached and answer the following questions. a.) Assuming that the Hoosier cucumber was produced in a laboratory, briefly describe the most likely method by which it was produced and the biological mechanism involved in the action of the agent utilized by the scientists. b.) Suppose scientists wanted to employ an alternative approach to producing cucumber plants that were resistant to the cucumber mosaic virus. List the steps involved in producing…arrow_forwardThe data presented in Part D shows the results of artificial selection for hairy Wisconsin Fast Plants. Identify the null hypothesis for this investigation? A. If the mean number of trichomes is greater in the second generation than in the parent population, then selection has occurred. B. There will be no difference between the mean number of trichomes in the second generation compared to the parent population. C. As a result of selection, the mean number of trichomes will be greater in the second generation. D. If plants with the most trichomes in the first generation are selected as parents, then the second generation will have more trichomes.arrow_forwardno need to explain just need to know if its a,b c, or d 1.) Alternation of generation refers to the alternation of diploid and haploid generation. What is the difference between the alternation of generation in moss and pine? a.) In moss, gametophyte is dominant; whereas, in pine, sporophyte is dominant. b.) In moss, sporophyte is dominant; whereas, in pine, gametophyte is dominant. c.) In moss, gametophyte is dependent on sporophyte; whereas, in pine, sporophyte is dependent on gametophyte. d.) In moss, meiosis occurs during gamete formation; whereas, in pine, it occurs in zygote formation. 2.) Meiosis involves two phases, meiosis I and meiosis II. This type of cell division occurs during the formation of both sperm and ovum. The first meiotic division of the primary spermatocyte results in two secondary spermatocytes. .What is the result of the first meiotic division of the primary oocyte? a.) two secondary oocytes b.) two polar bodies c.) two ovum d.) one secondary oocyte and…arrow_forward
- Which of the following observations would provide the strongest evidence that two plants belong to different biological species? a.The leaves and flowers show morphological differences. b.There are variations in their RNA sequences. c.They produce viable but sterile offspring. d.They occupy unique habitats in an ecosystem.arrow_forwardClausen and colleagues proposed two hypotheses to explainthis variation within a species: (1) There are genetic differencesbetween populations of plants found at different elevations.(2) The species has developmental flexibility and can assumetall or short growth forms, depending on local abiotic factors.If you had seeds from yarrow plants found at low and highelevations, how would you test these hypotheses?arrow_forwardSexual reproduction in plants is considered to be a source of variation creation. How reproduction mechanisms played their role in creating variation and also give view regarding the mechanism that could be responsible for causing a different type of pollinationarrow_forward
- Explain how polyploidy in plants can generate new plant species. Be sure to provide molecular detail. What barriers to reproduction cause speciation in this case?arrow_forwardThe method of phylogenetic contrasts was necessary to test for the association between branch retention (a feature that enhances flammability) and serotiny (the ability to regenerate after a fire) among pine trees. This association is based on the notion that selection will tend to favor - A. branch retention in flame-enhancing tree species. B. serotiny among fire resistant tree species. C. serotiny among flame-enhancing tree species. D. branch retention in fire-resistant species.arrow_forwardExamine the graph below. Considering that the plants with the most trichomes were selected to produce seeds in the parent population, which of the following results would you predict for the next generation? (The x-axis indicates the number of trichomes.)arrow_forward
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