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Introduction:
All living organisms are made up of cells and its products. Cells are regarded as the simplest unit (structural and functional) of life. Cellular membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm are the three major components of a cell. Cellular membrane, which surrounds the entire cell, is composed of phospholipids and proteins. The nucleus is bound by a nuclear membrane and it possesses the genetic material of the cell. Cytoplasm consists of organelles, cytoskeleton (filaments and tubules), and inclusion bodies. Protoplasm denotes all living materials that are present in the cell enclosed by the cellular membrane (inside and outside the nucleus). The protoplasm inside and outside the nucleus is known as nucleoplasm and cytoplasm, respectively.
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- The movement of molecules from an area of low concentration outside of the cell membrane to an area of high concentration within a cell membrane is most likely which of the following types of transport? a. exocytosis b. diffusion c. endocytosis d. osmosisarrow_forwardCells transport sodium ions out of the cell against the sodium concentration gradient. This is an example of: a. facilitated diffusion b. simple diffusion c. diffusion via channel proteins d. endocytosis e. active transportarrow_forwardWhich of following statements is true? A. Polar molecules cannot simply diffuse across the cell membrane. B. Non-polar molecules cannot simply diffuse across the cell membrane C. Polar molecules cannot enter the extracellular space. D. Non-polar molecules cannot enter the extracellular space.arrow_forward
- Which of the following enables ions such as sodium to cross a plasma membrane? A. phospholipid bilayer B. peripheral proteins C. integral proteins D. desmosomesarrow_forwardFor the following modes of transport for membranes, tell whether the flow is with or against chemical potenial. Meaning +deltaG or -deltag A. Passive Diffusion B.Faciliated Diffusion C.Active Transportarrow_forwardDifferentiate the following in terms of description and properties. a. Diffusion b. Active transport c. Osmosis d. Imbibitionarrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for bringing material into a cell? a. Exocytosis b. Endocytosis c. Pinocytosis d. Phagocytosisarrow_forwardWhich of the following types of proteins allow materials to move into, or out of, the cell?a. receptor proteins b. junction proteins c. enzymatic proteinsd. channel proteinsarrow_forwardGlucose is often present in very low concentrations in environments populated by microorganisms. To import the maximum amount of available glucose, cells use a. Receptor-mediated endocytosis b. Simple diffusion c. Osmosis d. Facilitated diffusionarrow_forward
- Match the term with its correct description: a. transport protein b. active transport c. diffusion d. passive transport e. osmosis f. endocytosis g. exocytosis h. equilibrium The diffusion of water through a cell membrane The movement of substances through the cell membrane without the use of cellular energy Used to help substances enter or exit the cell membrane When energy is required to move materials through a cell membrane When the molecules of one substance are spread evenly throughout another substance to become balanced A vacuole membrane fuses (becomes a part of) the cell membrane and the contents are releasedarrow_forwardPinocytosis is accomplished by the cell using the: Select one: a. cell membrane. b. cell wall. c. nucleus. d. cytoplasm.arrow_forwardThe energy requiring mediated movement of small particles into or out of a cell up their concentration gradient is called A. diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. active transport D. osmosis E. vesicular transport F. filtrationarrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning