Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781305079243
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Question
Chapter 3, Problem 122E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The naming of the compounds is to be checked. Correct naming of the compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction: While naming covalent compound, the name of the cation is written first, followed by the name of the anion. Generally, the cation present is a metal or a polyatomic cation, whereas the anion is a non-metal.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

To determine: The error in the naming of FeCl3

FeCl3 is a binary compound. Roman numerals are used to show the oxidation state of compounds that exhibit more than one oxidation state. Iron (Fe) is transition metal and exhibits more than one oxidation state.

Hence, the given name iron chloride of FeCl3 is wrong because oxidation state is not given.

To determine: The correct naming of FeCl3 .

Iron (Fe) exhibits +2and+3 oxidation state. Hence, Roman numeral is used to show the oxidation state of this compound.

Here iron (Fe3+) ion is cation and chlorine (Cl) ion is mono-atomic anion. The oxidation state of iron is +3 because total charge on anion is 3 . Since compound should be electrically neutral, the name of FeCl3 compound is iron (III) chloride.

Conclusion

The Roman numerals are used in the naming of compounds that exhibit more than one oxidation state. Iron is such compound that exhibit more than one oxidation state. So, the correct name of the compound is iron (III) chloride.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The naming of the compounds is to be checked. Correct naming of the compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction: While naming covalent compound, the name of the cation is written first, followed by the name of the anion. Generally, the cation present is a metal or a polyatomic cation, whereas the anion is a non-metal.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

To determine: The error in the naming of NO2

The element nitrogen (N) is not a transition metal. It exhibits only one oxidation state. The Roman numerals are used only in the naming of compounds that exhibit more than one oxidation state

Hence, the given name nitrogen (IV) oxide of NO2 is wrong.

To determine: The correct naming of NO2 .

In naming of covalent compound, the name of cation comes first which is the name of element. Anion is named second which is also the name of element. The anions are named with the ending -ide. Also the number of respective atoms present is denoted by using prefixes like mono, di tri.

Hence, the name of given compound is nitrogen dioxide.

Conclusion

The Roman numerals are used only in the naming of transition metals compounds. Nitrogen is not a transition metal. So, the correct name of the compound is nitrogen dioxide.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The naming of the compounds is to be checked. Correct naming of the compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction: While naming covalent compound, the name of the cation is written first, followed by the name of the anion. Generally, the cation present is a metal or a polyatomic cation, whereas the anion is a non-metal.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

To determine: The error in the naming of CaO

The element calcium (Ca) is not a transition metal. It is an alkaline earth metal. The Roman numerals are used only in the naming of compounds that exhibit more than one oxidation state

Hence, the given name calcium (II) monoxide of CaO is wrong.

To determine: The correct naming of CaO .

In naming of covalent compound, the name of cation comes first which is the name of element. Anion is named second which is also the name of element. The anions are named with the ending -ide.

In CaO compound, cation is calcium (Ca2+) and anion is oxygen (O2) .

Hence, the name of given compound is calcium oxide.

Conclusion

The Roman numerals are used only in the naming of transition metals compounds. Calcium is not a transition metal. So, the correct name of the compound is calcium oxide.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The naming of the compounds is to be checked. Correct naming of the compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction: While naming covalent compound, the name of the cation is written first, followed by the name of the anion. Generally, the cation present is a metal or a polyatomic cation, whereas the anion is a non-metal.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

To determine: The error in the naming of Al2S3 .

The element Alumunium (Al) is a metal that exhibit only one oxidation state. Prefix is used when two non-metals are combined and contains more than one atom.

Hence, the given name dialuminum trisulfide of Al2S3 is wrong.

To determine: The correct naming of Al2S3 .

In naming of covalent compound, the name of cation comes first which is the name of element. Anion is named second which is also the name of element. The anions are named with the ending -ide.

In Al2S3 compound, cation is alumunium (Al3+) and anion is sulfur (S2) . Since compound should be electrically neutral, two aluminum cation combines with three sulfur anion to balance the charge.

Hence, the name of given compound is alumunium sulfide.

Conclusion

Prefix is mostly used when two non-metals are combined and contains more than one atom. Aluminum is a metal and sulfur is non-metal. Hence, the correct name of Al2S3 is alumunium sulfide.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The naming of the compounds is to be checked. Correct naming of the compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction: While naming covalent compound, the name of the cation is written first, followed by the name of the anion. Generally, the cation present is a metal or a polyatomic cation, whereas the anion is a non-metal.

(e)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

To determine: The error in the naming of Mg(C2H3O2)2

The symbol Mg represents magnesium. It is an alkaline earth metal.

Hence, the given name manganese diacetate of Mg(C2H3O2)2 is wrong.

To determine: The correct naming of Mg(C2H3O2)2 .

In naming of covalent compound, the name of cation comes first which is the name of element. Anion is named second which is also the name of element. The poly atomic anions are named with the ending -ate.

In Mg(C2H3O2)2 compound, cation is magnesium (Mg2+) and anion is acetate (C2H3O22) .

Hence, the name of given compound is magnesium acetate.

Conclusion

Prefix is mostly used when two non-metals are combined and contains more than one atom. Magnesium is a metal. Hence, the correct name of Mg(C2H3O2)2 is magnesium acetate.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The naming of the compounds is to be checked. Correct naming of the compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction: While naming covalent compound, the name of the cation is written first, followed by the name of the anion. Generally, the cation present is a metal or a polyatomic cation, whereas the anion is a non-metal.

(f)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

To determine: The error in the naming of FePO4

Roman numerals are used to show the oxidation state of compounds that exhibit more than one oxidation state. Iron (Fe) is transition metal and exhibits more than one oxidation state. The given charge on iron is +2 but the polyatomic phosphate ion (PO43) contains 3 charge. So, the compound is not neutral.

Hence, the given name iron (II) phosphate of FePO4 is wrong.

To determine: The correct naming of FePO4 .

Iron (Fe) exhibits +2and+3 oxidation state. Hence, Roman numeral is used to show the oxidation state of this compound.

Here iron (Fe3+) ion is cation and phosphate ion (PO43) is anion. The oxidation state of iron is +3 because total charge on anion is 3 . Since compound should be electrically neutral, the name of FePO4 compound is iron (III) phosphate.

Conclusion

The Roman numerals are used in the naming of compounds that exhibit more than one oxidation state. Iron is such compound that exhibit more than one oxidation state. So, the correct name of the compound is iron (III) phosphate.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The naming of the compounds is to be checked. Correct naming of the compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction: While naming covalent compound, the name of the cation is written first, followed by the name of the anion. Generally, the cation present is a metal or a polyatomic cation, whereas the anion is a non-metal.

(g)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

To determine: The error in the naming of P2S5

The element phosphorous (P) is a non-metal. Prefix is used when two non-metals are combined and contains more than one atom.

Hence, the given name phosphorus sulfide of P2S5 is wrong.

To determine: The correct naming of P2S5 .

In naming of covalent compound, the name of cation comes first which is the name of element. Anion is named second which is also the name of element. The anions are named with the ending -ide. Prefix is used when two non-metals are combined and contains more than one atom.

Phosphorous (P) and sulfur (S) are nonmetals.

Hence, the name of given compound is diphosphorous pentasulfide.

Conclusion

Prefix is mostly used when two non-metals are combined and contains more than one atom. Hence, the correct name of P2S5 is diphosphorous pentasulfide.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The naming of the compounds is to be checked. Correct naming of the compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction: While naming covalent compound, the name of the cation is written first, followed by the name of the anion. Generally, the cation present is a metal or a polyatomic cation, whereas the anion is a non-metal.

(h)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

To determine: The error in the naming of Na2O2

The oxidation state of sodium (Na+) is +1 .

Oxygen (O2) is an anion having oxidation state 2 . So, the compound formed is not neutral.

Sodium peroxide is formed when two sodium and oxygen atoms is combined together.

Hence, the given name sodium oxide of Na2O2 is wrong.

To determine: The correct naming of Na2O2 .

Sodium peroxide is formed when two sodium (Na+) ion and single peroxide (O2) ion is combined together. So, the compound formed is neutral.

Hence, the name of given compound is sodium peroxide.

Conclusion

The compound is always electrically neutral. The value of cation and anion should be balanced during formation of any compound.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The naming of the compounds is to be checked. Correct naming of the compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction: While naming covalent compound, the name of the cation is written first, followed by the name of the anion. Generally, the cation present is a metal or a polyatomic cation, whereas the anion is a non-metal.

(i)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

To determine: The error in the naming of HNO3

In the acidic compound HNO3 the cation is hydrogen (H+) and anion is nitrate (NO3)

  • If the name of anions ends in “ate-” then acid name ends in –ic or –ric

Hence, the given name nitrate acid of HNO3 is wrong.

To determine: The correct naming of HNO3 .

In the acidic compound HNO3 the cation is hydrogen (H+) and anion is nitrate (NO3)

  • If the name of anions ends in “ate-” then acid name ends in –ic or –ric

Hence, the given name is nitric acid.

Conclusion

In naming of acidic compound roots of anion is considered.

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The naming of the compounds is to be checked. Correct naming of the compound is to be stated.

Concept introduction: While naming covalent compound, the name of the cation is written first, followed by the name of the anion. Generally, the cation present is a metal or a polyatomic cation, whereas the anion is a non-metal.

(j)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

To determine: The error in the naming of H2S .

In the acidic compound H2S the cation is hydrogen (H+) and anion is sulfur (S2)

  • When oxygen is not present in anion, then acids is named by using “hydro-” in prefix.

Hence, the given name nitrate acid of H2S is wrong.

To determine: The correct naming of H2S .

In the acidic compound H2S the cation is hydrogen (H+) and anion is sulfur (S2)

  • When oxygen is not present in anion, then acids is named by using “hydro-” in prefix.

Hence, the given name is hydro sulfuric acid.

Conclusion

If oxygen is not present in anion, then acids is named by using “hydro-” in prefix.

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Chapter 3 Solutions

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

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Where does...Ch. 3 - Prob. 24QCh. 3 - In general the higher the charge on the ions in an...Ch. 3 - Combustion reactions of fossil fuels provide most...Ch. 3 - Which of the following statements is/are true?...Ch. 3 - Three resonance structures can be drawn for CO2...Ch. 3 - Prob. 29QCh. 3 - Prob. 30QCh. 3 - Without using Fig. 3-4, predict the order of...Ch. 3 - Without using Fig. 3-4, predict the order of...Ch. 3 - Without using Fig. 3-4, predict which bond in each...Ch. 3 - Without using Fig. 3-4, predict which bond in each...Ch. 3 - Prob. 35ECh. 3 - Prob. 36ECh. 3 - Which of the following incorrectly shows the bond...Ch. 3 - Indicate the bond polarity (show the partial...Ch. 3 - Predict the type of bond (ionic, covalent, or...Ch. 3 - List all the possible bonds that can occur between...Ch. 3 - Hydrogen has an electronegativity value between...Ch. 3 - Rank the following bonds in order of increasing...Ch. 3 - Would you expect each of the following atoms to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 44ECh. 3 - Prob. 45ECh. 3 - Prob. 46ECh. 3 - Predict the empirical formulas of the ionic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 48ECh. 3 - Write electron configurations for a. the cations...Ch. 3 - Write electron configurations for a. the cations...Ch. 3 - Which of the following ions have noble gas...Ch. 3 - What noble gas has the same electron configuration...Ch. 3 - Give the formula of a negative ion that would have...Ch. 3 - Prob. 54ECh. 3 - Give three ions that are isoelectronic with neon....Ch. 3 - Consider the ions Sc3+, Cl, K+, Ca2+, and S2....Ch. 3 - Prob. 57ECh. 3 - Prob. 58ECh. 3 - Which compound in each of the following pairs of...Ch. 3 - Which compound in each of the following pairs of...Ch. 3 - Use the following data for potassium chloride to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 62ECh. 3 - Consider the following energy changes: E(kJ/mol)...Ch. 3 - Prob. 64ECh. 3 - Consider the following:...Ch. 3 - Prob. 66ECh. 3 - Rationalize the following lattice energy values:...Ch. 3 - The lattice energies of FeCl3, FeCl2, and Fe2O3...Ch. 3 - Prob. 69ECh. 3 - Prob. 70ECh. 3 - Prob. 71ECh. 3 - Acetic acid is responsible for the sour taste of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 73ECh. 3 - The major industrial source of hydrogen gas is by...Ch. 3 - Prob. 75ECh. 3 - Prob. 76ECh. 3 - Prob. 77ECh. 3 - Prob. 78ECh. 3 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 3 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 3 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 3 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 3 - Prob. 83ECh. 3 - Lewis structures can be used to understand why...Ch. 3 - The most common exceptions to the octet rule are...Ch. 3 - Prob. 86ECh. 3 - Write Lewis structures for the following. Show all...Ch. 3 - Prob. 88ECh. 3 - Benzene (C6H6) consists of a six-membered ring of...Ch. 3 - Borazine (B3N3H6) has often been called inorganic...Ch. 3 - An important observation supporting the concept of...Ch. 3 - Consider the following bond lengths: CO143pmC9O123...Ch. 3 - A toxic cloud covered Bhopal, India, in December...Ch. 3 - Peroxyacetyl nitrate, or PAN, is present in...Ch. 3 - Order the following species with respect to...Ch. 3 - Place the species below in order of the shortest...Ch. 3 - Prob. 97ECh. 3 - Prob. 98ECh. 3 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 3 - Write Lewis structures for the species in Exercise...Ch. 3 - A common trait of simple organic compounds is to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 102ECh. 3 - Oxidation of the cyanide ion produces the stable...Ch. 3 - Prob. 104ECh. 3 - Name the compounds in parts ad and write the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 106ECh. 3 - Prob. 107ECh. 3 - Prob. 108ECh. 3 - Prob. 109ECh. 3 - Prob. 110ECh. 3 - Prob. 111ECh. 3 - Prob. 112ECh. 3 - Prob. 113ECh. 3 - Prob. 114ECh. 3 - Prob. 115ECh. 3 - Prob. 116ECh. 3 - Prob. 117ECh. 3 - Write the formula for each of the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 119ECh. 3 - Write the formula for each of the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 121ECh. 3 - Prob. 122ECh. 3 - Arrange the following in order of increasing...Ch. 3 - For each of the following, write an equation that...Ch. 3 - Prob. 125AECh. 3 - Write Lewis structures for CO32, HCO3, and H2CO3....Ch. 3 - Which member of the following pairs would you...Ch. 3 - What do each of the following sets of...Ch. 3 - Although both Br3 and I3 ions are known, the F3...Ch. 3 - Prob. 130AECh. 3 - Prob. 131AECh. 3 - Identify each of the following elements: a. a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 133AECh. 3 - Prob. 134AECh. 3 - When molten sulfur reacts with chlorine gas, a...Ch. 3 - The study of carbon-containing compounds and their...Ch. 3 - Prob. 137CWPCh. 3 - Prob. 138CWPCh. 3 - Complete the following table to predict whether...Ch. 3 - Prob. 140CWPCh. 3 - Prob. 141CWPCh. 3 - List the bonds PCl, PF, OF, and SiF from least...Ch. 3 - Arrange the atoms and/or ions in the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 144CWPCh. 3 - Prob. 145CWPCh. 3 - Which of the following compounds or ions exhibit...Ch. 3 - Prob. 147CPCh. 3 - Prob. 148CPCh. 3 - Given the following information: Energy of...Ch. 3 - Think of forming an ionic compound as three steps...Ch. 3 - Use data in this chapter (and Chapter 2) to...Ch. 3 - Three processes that have been used for the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 153CPCh. 3 - Prob. 154CPCh. 3 - Draw a Lewis structure for the N,...Ch. 3 - Cholesterol (C27H46O) has the following structure:...Ch. 3 - Consider the following computer-generated model of...Ch. 3 - For each of the following ions, indicate the total...Ch. 3 - Prob. 159IPCh. 3 - A polyatomic ion is composed of C, N, and an...
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