Chemistry: Structure and Properties - With Access and Solutions
Chemistry: Structure and Properties - With Access and Solutions
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134797571
Author: Tro
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 1E

What are periodic properties?

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

To determine:

Periodic Properties.

Answer to Problem 1E

Solution:

Periodic properties are the features of atoms that vary regularly going from left to right in a period and from top to bottom in a group. The various periodic properties are: atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity, electron affinity.

Explanation of Solution

The chemical and the physical properties of elements have a relation with their valence shell configuration. The valence shell configuration of any two elements in a given period is not similar and this is the reason that elements in a period have varying chemical and physical properties whereas the number of valence shells of any two elements in a given group is not similar and this is the reason that elements in a group have varying chemical and physical properties and this is termed as periodic property.

The following figure shows the trends in periodic properties:

Chemistry: Structure and Properties - With Access and Solutions, Chapter 3, Problem 1E

  1. Atomic radius: It is the distance from the center of nucleus to the periphery of the electron cloud of the atom.
  2. Electron affinity: When an electron is added to neutral atom or molecule in its gaseous form which results in the formation of anion and the release of energy. This energy is called as electron affinity.
  3. Ionization energy: The required amount of energy to remove an electron from an isolated gaseous ion or atom.
  4. Electronegativity: The tendency of an atom to attract the shared pair of electrons is called electronegativity.
Conclusion

Periodic properties are the features of atoms that vary regularly going from left to right in a period and from top to bottom in a group. The various periodic properties are: atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity, electron affinity.

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Chapter 3 Solutions

Chemistry: Structure and Properties - With Access and Solutions

Ch. 3 - Why are the sublevels within a principal level...Ch. 3 - Prob. 12ECh. 3 - Prob. 13ECh. 3 - What are degenerate orbitals? According to Hund’s...Ch. 3 - List all orbitals from 1s through 5s according to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 16ECh. 3 - Copy this blank periodic table onto a sheet of...Ch. 3 - Explain why the s block in the periodic table has...Ch. 3 - Explain why the rows in the periodic table become...Ch. 3 - Explain the relationship between a main-group...Ch. 3 - Explain the relationship between an element's row...Ch. 3 - Which of the transition elements in the first...Ch. 3 - Explain how to write the electron configuration...Ch. 3 - Explain the relationship between the properties of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 25ECh. 3 - Prob. 26ECh. 3 - What is effective nuclear charge? What is...Ch. 3 - When an alkali metal forms an ion, what is the...Ch. 3 - When a halogen forms an ion, what is the charge of...Ch. 3 - Use the concepts of effective nuclear charge,...Ch. 3 - For transition elements, describe the trends in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 32ECh. 3 - Explain how to write an electron configuration for...Ch. 3 - Prob. 34ECh. 3 - Prob. 35ECh. 3 - Prob. 36ECh. 3 - What are the exceptions to the periodic trends in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 38ECh. 3 - Prob. 39ECh. 3 - What is metallic character? What are the observed...Ch. 3 - Prob. 41ECh. 3 - Prob. 42ECh. 3 - Determine whether each element is a main-group...Ch. 3 - Determine whether each element is a transition...Ch. 3 - Write the full electron configuration for each...Ch. 3 - Prob. 46ECh. 3 - Write the full orbital diagram for each element. N...Ch. 3 - Prob. 48ECh. 3 - Use the periodic table to write the electron...Ch. 3 - Use the periodic table to determine the element...Ch. 3 - Use the periodic table to determine each quantity....Ch. 3 - Use the periodic table to determine each quantity....Ch. 3 - Prob. 53ECh. 3 - Prob. 54ECh. 3 - Determine the number of valence electrons in each...Ch. 3 - Prob. 56ECh. 3 - Which outer electron configuration would you...Ch. 3 - Prob. 58ECh. 3 - Prob. 59ECh. 3 - List the number of valence electrons in each...Ch. 3 - Which pair of elements do you expect to be most...Ch. 3 - Prob. 62ECh. 3 - Predict the charge of the ion formed by each...Ch. 3 - Predict the charge of the ion formed by each...Ch. 3 - According to Coulomb’s law, which pair of charged...Ch. 3 - Prob. 66ECh. 3 - Prob. 67ECh. 3 - Arrange the atoms according to decreasing...Ch. 3 - If core electrons completely shielded valence...Ch. 3 - In Section 3.6/, we estimated the effective...Ch. 3 - Prob. 71ECh. 3 - Choose the larger atom in each pair. Sn or Si Br...Ch. 3 - Arrange these elements in order of increasing...Ch. 3 - Arrange these elements in order of decreasing...Ch. 3 - Write the electron configuration for each ion. O2...Ch. 3 - Write the electron configuration for each ion. Cl...Ch. 3 - Write orbital diagrams for each ion and determine...Ch. 3 - Write orbital diagrams for each ion and determine...Ch. 3 - Which is the larger species in each pair? LiorLi+...Ch. 3 - Which is the larger species in each pair? SrorSr2+...Ch. 3 - Arrange this isoelectronic series in order of...Ch. 3 - Arrange this isoelectronic series in order of...Ch. 3 - Choose the element with the higher first...Ch. 3 - Prob. 84ECh. 3 - Arrange these elements in order of increasing...Ch. 3 - Prob. 86ECh. 3 - For each element, predict where the “jump” occurs...Ch. 3 - Prob. 88ECh. 3 - Choose the element with the more negative (more...Ch. 3 - Prob. 90ECh. 3 - Choose the more metallic element in each pair....Ch. 3 - Prob. 92ECh. 3 - Prob. 93ECh. 3 - Prob. 94ECh. 3 - Prob. 95ECh. 3 - Prob. 96ECh. 3 - Both vanadium and its 3+ ion are paramagnetic. Use...Ch. 3 - Use electron configurations to explain why copper...Ch. 3 - Prob. 99ECh. 3 - Suppose you were trying to find a substitute for...Ch. 3 - Prob. 101ECh. 3 - Which pair of elements would you expect to have...Ch. 3 - Consider these elements: N, Mg, O, F, Al. Write...Ch. 3 - Consider these elements: P, Ca, Si, S, Ga. Write...Ch. 3 - Prob. 105ECh. 3 - Explain why vanadium (radius = 134 pm) and copper...Ch. 3 - The lightest noble gases, such as helium and neon,...Ch. 3 - The lightest halogen is also the most chemically...Ch. 3 - Prob. 109ECh. 3 - Prob. 110ECh. 3 - Prob. 111ECh. 3 - Write the electronic configurations of the six...Ch. 3 - You have cracked a secret code that uses elemental...Ch. 3 - The electron affinity of sodium is lower than that...Ch. 3 - Use Coulomb’s law to calculate the ionization...Ch. 3 - Prob. 116ECh. 3 - Consider the densities and atomic radii of the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 118ECh. 3 - Consider the metals in the first transition...Ch. 3 - Imagine a universe in which the value of ms can be...Ch. 3 - A carbon atom can absorb radiation of various...Ch. 3 - Only trace amounts of the synthetic element...Ch. 3 - What is the atomic number of the as yet...Ch. 3 - The trend in second ionization energy for the...Ch. 3 - Unlike the elements in groups 1A and 2A, those in...Ch. 3 - Using the data in Figures 3.19 and 3.20/,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 127ECh. 3 - Prob. 128ECh. 3 - The heaviest known alkaline earth metal is radium,...Ch. 3 - Predict the electronic configurations of the first...Ch. 3 - Prob. 131ECh. 3 - The outermost valence electron in atom A...Ch. 3 - Prob. 133ECh. 3 - Give a combination of four quantum numbers that...Ch. 3 - Prob. 135ECh. 3 - Prob. 136ECh. 3 - Prob. 137ECh. 3 - Prob. 138ECh. 3 - Prob. 139ECh. 3 - Prob. 140ECh. 3 - Prob. 141ECh. 3 - 1. According to Coulomb's law, if the separation...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2SAQCh. 3 - Choose the correct electron configuration for Se....Ch. 3 - Prob. 4SAQCh. 3 - Which set of four quantum numbers corresponds to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6SAQCh. 3 - Which statement is true about electron shielding...Ch. 3 - Prob. 8SAQCh. 3 - What is the electron configuration for Fe2+?...Ch. 3 - Which species is diamagnetic? Zn Cr 2+ C MnCh. 3 - Prob. 11SAQCh. 3 - Prob. 12SAQCh. 3 - Prob. 13SAQCh. 3 - Prob. 14SAQCh. 3 - Prob. 15SAQCh. 3 - Prob. 16SAQ
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