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A typical World War I biplane fighter (such as the French SPAD shown in Figure 3.50) has a number of vertical interwing struts and diagonal bracing wires. Assume for a given airplane that the total length for the vertical struts (summed together) is 25 ft. and that the struts are cylindrical with a diameter of 2 in. Assume also that the total length of the bracing wires is 80 ft. with a cylindrical diameter of

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Chapter 3 Solutions
Fundamentals of Aerodynamics
- 10 0/10 points awarded Scored A 3-m-high large tank is initially filled with water. The tank water surface is open to the atmosphere, and a sharp-edged 10-cm-diameter orifice at the bottom drains to the atmosphere through a horizontal 80-m-long pipe. The total irreversible head loss of the system is determined to be 1.500 m. In order to drain the tank faster, a pump is installed near the tank exit. Determine the pump head input necessary to establish an average water speed of 6.5 m/s when the tank is full. Disregard the effect of the kinetic energy correction factors. (Round the final answer to three decimal places.) Water 3 m 10 cm 80 m The required useful pump head is 1.200 m.arrow_forward(30 minutes) Consider a converging-diverging nozzle, which is open to stagnant atmosphere at the inlet and connected to an infinitely large low-pressure reservoir downstream at the outlet (see the figure below). The ambient pressure (pa) is 1 bar, the throat cross section area is 0.1 m². Imagine that the pressure in the low-pressure reservoir (p₁) can be changed to regulate the flow in the nozzle. Me Pa=1 bar A₁ =0.1 m² Ae Pv Pe Low pressure reservoir a) It is known that when p₁ = 0.8 bar, the nozzle is choked and the flow in the converging- diverging nozzle is subsonic. Find the exit cross-section area (Ae), the static pressure at the exit (pe) and the Mach number at the exit (Me) for this case. b) Determine the range of vacuum pressure (pv) for which there is a normal shock wave in the diverging section of the nozzle. c) Imagine that a pitot-tube is inserted at the exit of the nozzle. What would be the total pressure reading when: (1) p₁ = 0.8 bar; (2) p, is adjusted such that the…arrow_forward1. Five forces are applied to the solid prism shown in Figure 1. Note that the 30 lb forces are in the plane of the prism's surface and are not vertical. Also note that the end of the prism is not an equilateral triangle. a) Compute the magnitude of the couple moment of the force couple formed by the 30 lb forces. b) Replace all the forces with an equivalent resultant force and couple moment acting at point A, Rand G. Give your answers as Cartesian vectors. Figure 1: 6 in a) G b) R GA B 5 in 5 in 4 in 40 lb 4 in 40 lb A 50 lb 30 lb 5 in E 5 in Yarrow_forward
- 4) Calculate the thrust reduction due to the existence of a shock wave at the exit of the rocket no: given below, compared to the no shock case. P=200kPa I M=1.4 MCI M = 1 T=mle A₂ = 3m²arrow_forward3. (30 minutes) Find the mass flow rate for the converging-diverging nozzle below. A₁=0.1 m² V₁ = 150 m/s P₁ = 100 kPa T₁ = 20°C M>1arrow_forwardQ4. Derive the y-momentum equation for a thin laminar boundary layer using the general form of the y-momentum equation for two-dimensional and steady flow given below. до pu +pv- Əx до др მ dy ду +(x+7) ди дхarrow_forward
- 1) Solve the problem using the superposition method. Check that your answer is correct.For steel, use a Poisson's ratio of 0.3.arrow_forward3. Consider a subsonic compressible flow in Cartesian coordinates where the perturbation velocity potential is given by: 20 $(x,y) = -2π e 1-M sin(2x) √1 - M² The free-stream properties are Vo。 = 200 m/s, p∞ = 150 kPa and T∞ = 250 K. po a. Compute the Mach number at the location (x, y) = (0.8, 0.2). b. Compute the pressure coefficient at the wall at the wall at (x, y) = (0.8,0) using both the = 2 2û | and the small perturbation approximation (Cp = -2). exact relation [Cp = M-1)] andarrow_forwardQ2) (30 minutes) The pressure distribution over a curved surface is given below. Find an expression for the friction coefficient assuming there exists a turbulent boundary layer over the surface with a power law velocity profile as given in the figure. y P/Pmax 1.0 0.5- 0.25 - u = de y б → อ 0.3 1.0 ри 0 = PeUe de dx 8* = 1 - ри PeUe (1-0)ay 0 due -- Ue dx = dy 1 - Ue dy + น dy = (2 + H) = 1 Cf 2 - и Ue dy v2 + + gz = constant 2 Ρarrow_forward
- Q3. A piecewise linear function approximates the velocity profile in an incompressible boundary layer flow over a flat plate, as shown in the figure below. Under the assumption of a constant edge velocity (U) in the streamwise direction (i.e., the x direction), calculate the skin friction coefficient as a function of the Reynolds number. وانه δ со 2/3 Ve Ve u 1- 8* = √² (1 - Du₂) dy pu ри PeUe น 9 = √²* Du (1-7) dy de dx 0 PeUe δ + 0 due (2+0²) = 12/24 Ue dx 8 ≤ 100arrow_forward4. The streamwise velocity component (u) for a laminar boundary layer is given by: u = Ue 8 = b√√x where b is a constant and U is the edge velocity. Obtain an expression for the vertical velocity component (v) at the edge of the boundary layer.arrow_forwardPlease Solve Q1&Q2&Q3arrow_forward
- Mechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781337093347Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. GerePublisher:Cengage LearningInternational Edition---engineering Mechanics: St...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305501607Author:Andrew Pytel And Jaan KiusalaasPublisher:CENGAGE LPrinciples of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning


