CAMPBELL BIOLOGY W/MASTERINGBIO CODE >
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY W/MASTERINGBIO CODE >
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781323573457
Author: Campbell
Publisher: PEARSON C
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 3.1CR

DRAW IT Ø Label a hydrogen bond and a polar covalent bond in the diagram of live water molecules. Is a hydrogen bond a covalent bond? Explain.

Expert Solution
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Summary Introduction

To label: The hydrogen bond and covalent bonds in water molecules.

Introduction:

Water is a polar molecule consisting of an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms.

Explanation of Solution

Water (H2O) consists of an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen and oxygen share their valence electrons to form a strong bond that known as a covalent bond (Fig.1). As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, the shared electrons in the H-O bond tend to be pulled towards the oxygen atom. There are two regions of partial negative charge on oxygen and a partial positive charge on each hydrogen atom. Thus, the covalent bond between H-O in the water molecule is a polar bond.

Water is a polar molecule due to the difference in electronegativity between O and H atoms. The partial negatively charged oxygen atom of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positively charged hydrogen atom of an adjacent water molecule (Fig.1). This forms the hydrogen bond among different water molecules.

Pictorial representation:

CAMPBELL BIOLOGY W/MASTERINGBIO CODE >, Chapter 3, Problem 3.1CR

Fig. 1 Interactions among water molecules

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Summary Introduction

To explain: The hydrogen bonds are not covalent bonds.

Introduction: Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of valence electrons between two atoms. Hydrogen bonds are formed due to the attraction between two adjacent atoms due to partial charges.

Explanation of Solution

Covalent bonds are strong bonds, formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms. Hydrogen bonds do not involve the sharing of valence electrons. They are formed on the basis of attraction due to partial charges on neighboring atoms, and are hence very weak bonds. Therefore, a hydrogen bond is not a covalent bond.

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  • Match the terms with their most suitable description. ____ hydrophilic                   a. protons > electrons ____ atomic number             b. number of protons in ____ hydrogen bonds                            nucleus ____ positive charge              c. polar; dissolves easily in ____ negative charge water ____ temperature                  d. collectively strong ____ pH                                  e. protons < electrons ____ covalent bond                f. measure of molecular ____ hydrophobic                              motion                                               g. water-dreading                                                                                            h. electron sharing                                                i. reflects H+ concentration
    The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called? (a) a hydrogen bond (b) a van der Waals interaction (c) an ionic bond (d) a covalent bond (e) a hydrophilic bond
    Explain in detail why water molecules are polar. Your explanation can be as long as you wish. Your answer must be in your own words. Your answer must include the following terms: Polar, polar covalent bonds, electronegativity, oxygen, hydrogen, partial positive, partial negartive, electrons.
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