Chapter 3, Problem 3.1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The number of phase rule variables must be specified to fix the thermodynamic state should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The numbers of phase rule variables must be specified to fix the thermodynamic state of each of the following systems by using following formula.

  $\begin{array}{c}\text{Degrees of freedom , F = C - P + 2}\\ \text{C = Components}\\ \text{P = Phases}\end{array}$

Answer to Problem 3.1P

The numbers of phase rule variables must be specified to fix the thermodynamic state is 2.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Components =2 (Ethanol, Water)

Phases = (Liquid, Vapor)

Calculation:

A sealed flask containing a liquid ethanol-water mixture in equilibrium with its vapour.

From the above statement, Components =2 (Ethanol, Water)

Phases = (Liquid, Vapor)

  $\begin{array}{c}\text{Degrees of freedom , F = C - P + 2}\\ \text{ = 2 - 2 + 2}\\ \text{= 2}\end{array}$

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The number of phase rule variables must be specified to fix the thermodynamic state should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The numbers of phase rule variables must be specified to fix the thermodynamic state of each of the following systems by using following formula.

  $\begin{array}{c}\text{Degrees of freedom , F = C - P + 2}\\ \text{C = Components}\\ \text{P = Phases}\end{array}$

Answer to Problem 3.1P

The numbers of phase rule variables must be specified to fix the thermodynamic state is 2.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Components =3 (Ethanol, Water and nitrogen)

Phases = (Liquid, Vapor)

Calculation:

A sealed flask containing a liquid ethanol-water mixture in equilibrium with its vapour and nitrogen.

From the above statement, Components =3 (Ethanol, Water and nitrogen)

Phases = (Liquid, Vapor)

  $\begin{array}{c}\text{Degrees of freedom , F = C - P + 2}\\ \text{ = 3 - 2 + 2}\\ \text{= 3}\end{array}$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The number of phase rule variables must be specified to fix the thermodynamic state should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The numbers of phase rule variables must be specified to fix the thermodynamic state of each of the following systems by using following formula.

  $\begin{array}{c}\text{Degrees of freedom , F = C - P + 2}\\ \text{C = Components}\\ \text{P = Phases}\end{array}$

Answer to Problem 3.1P

The numbers of phase rule variables must be specified to fix the thermodynamic state is 2.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Components = 3 (Ethanol, Toluene and water)

Phases = (Two Liquid, Vapor)

Calculation:

A sealed flask containing a liquid ethanol, toluene and water as two liquid phases plus vapour.

From the above statement, Components = 3 (Ethanol, Toluene and water)

Phases = (Two Liquid, Vapor)

  $\begin{array}{c}\text{Degrees of freedom , F = C - P + 2}\\ \text{ = 3 - 3 + 2}\\ \text{= 2}\end{array}$