(a)
Interpretation:
The given alcohol structures denotes a cis- or trans- isomer has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
A cis isomer is the one in which the same groups are present on same side of both the carbon atoms present in the double bond.
A trans isomer is the one in which the same groups are present on opposite side of both the carbon atoms present in the double bond.
Cis‑trans isomerism is not possible if any one of the carbon atom bonded to the double bond bears two identical groups.
Cis‑trans isomers are not constitutional isomers but they are stereoisomers.
Cycloalkanes can also exhibit stereoisomerism. The difference between constitutional isomerism and stereoisomerism is that, the result of difference in connectivity of carbon atoms is known as constitutional isomerism and the result of differences in configuration is known as stereoisomerism. Stereoisomers are compounds that possess same molecular formula and connectivity of atoms but different orientations of atoms in space. Cis isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present above or below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms. Trans isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present one above and one below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms.
(b)
Interpretation:
The given alcohol structures denotes a cis- or trans- isomer has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond in it. There will not be any free rotation of the double bond in alkene. Hence, cis‑trans isomerism is possible. The first and foremost condition for the alkene to exhibit cis‑trans isomerism is that the carbon attached in either end of double bond must have different groups attached to it.
A cis isomer is the one in which the same groups are present on same side of both the carbon atoms present in the double bond.
A trans isomer is the one in which the same groups are present on opposite side of both the carbon atoms present in the double bond.
Cis‑trans isomerism is not possible if any one of the carbon atom bonded to the double bond bears two identical groups.
Cis‑trans isomers are not constitutional isomers but they are stereoisomers.
Cycloalkanes can also exhibit stereoisomerism. The difference between constitutional isomerism and stereoisomerism is that, the result of difference in connectivity of carbon atoms is known as constitutional isomerism and the result of differences in configuration is known as stereoisomerism. Stereoisomers are compounds that possess same molecular formula and connectivity of atoms but different orientations of atoms in space. Cis isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present above or below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms. Trans isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present one above and one below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms.
(c)
Interpretation:
The given alcohol structures denotes a cis- or trans- isomer has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond in it. There will not be any free rotation of the double bond in alkene. Hence, cis‑trans isomerism is possible. The first and foremost condition for the alkene to exhibit cis‑trans isomerism is that the carbon attached in either end of double bond must have different groups attached to it.
A cis isomer is the one in which the same groups are present on same side of both the carbon atoms present in the double bond.
A trans isomer is the one in which the same groups are present on opposite side of both the carbon atoms present in the double bond.
Cis‑trans isomerism is not possible if any one of the carbon atom bonded to the double bond bears two identical groups.
Cis‑trans isomers are not constitutional isomers but they are stereoisomers.
Cycloalkanes can also exhibit stereoisomerism. The difference between constitutional isomerism and stereoisomerism is that, the result of difference in connectivity of carbon atoms is known as constitutional isomerism and the result of differences in configuration is known as stereoisomerism. Stereoisomers are compounds that possess same molecular formula and connectivity of atoms but different orientations of atoms in space. Cis isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present above or below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms. Trans isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present one above and one below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms.
(d)
Interpretation:
The given alcohol structures denotes a cis- or trans- isomer has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond in it. There will not be any free rotation of the double bond in alkene. Hence, cis‑trans isomerism is possible. The first and foremost condition for the alkene to exhibit cis‑trans isomerism is that the carbon attached in either end of double bond must have different groups attached to it.
A cis isomer is the one in which the same groups are present on same side of both the carbon atoms present in the double bond.
A trans isomer is the one in which the same groups are present on opposite side of both the carbon atoms present in the double bond.
Cis‑trans isomerism is not possible if any one of the carbon atom bonded to the double bond bears two identical groups.
Cis‑trans isomers are not constitutional isomers but they are stereoisomers.
Cycloalkanes can also exhibit stereoisomerism. The difference between constitutional isomerism and stereoisomerism is that, the result of difference in connectivity of carbon atoms is known as constitutional isomerism and the result of differences in configuration is known as stereoisomerism. Stereoisomers are compounds that possess same molecular formula and connectivity of atoms but different orientations of atoms in space. Cis isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present above or below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms. Trans isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present one above and one below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 3 Solutions
Organic And Biological Chemistry
- Write the reactions as structural diagrams to represent the reaction that takes place between each alcohol and HCI. Where no reaction occurred, indicate "no reaction"arrow_forward1) The carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones is polar where the ⸹+ symbol is placed on the oxygen atom and the ⸹- symbol is placed on the carbon atom. a) True b) False 2) Why is the boiling points of ethers similar to thise of alkanes instead of alcohols? a) Both ether molecules and alkanes molecules are polar, whereas alcohol molecules are nonpolar. b) Hydrogen bonding between ethr molecules is strong and this property is similar to that of alkanes. However, hydrogen bonding is weaker in alcohols than it is in both ethers and alkanes. c) Although ether molecules are polar, they cannot form hydrogen bonds with other ether molecules. Similarly, alkane molecules do not form hydrogen bonds, whereas there is hydrogen bonding in alcohols. d) None of these are correct explanationsarrow_forwardexplain why the boiling points of alkenes are much lower than those of alcohols with similar molecular masses.arrow_forward
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningWorld of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...ChemistryISBN:9781305079250Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed PetersPublisher:Cengage Learning