Chapter 3, Problem 3.31E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The abbreviated electronic configuration for an element that contains $24$ electrons is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in increasing order of their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods and vertical columns are known as groups. There are $7$ periods and $18$ groups in modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 3.31E

The abbreviated electronic configuration for an element that contains $24$ electrons is $\left[\text{Ar}\right]4s^{1}3d^5$ respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration tells about the arrangement of the electrons in each subshell and each orbit of an atom. The abbreviated electronic configuration is the simplified representation of electrons in the valence shell by using noble gas symbols. This form is also known as noble gas configuration.

The element contains $24$ electrons. Thus, the atomic number of an element is $24$ that is chromium. The electronic configuration of chromium is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{1}3d^5$. The number of electrons present in the inner shells of chromium that is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^6$ represents the electronic configuration of argon. Therefore, the symbol of argon $\left[\text{Ar}\right]$ is used to represent the number of electrons present in the inner shells of chromium. Hence, the abbreviated electronic configuration for chromium is $\left[\text{Ar}\right]4s^{1}3d^5$.

Conclusion

The abbreviated electronic configuration for an element that contains $24$ electrons is $\left[\text{Ar}\right]4s^{1}3d^5$ respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The abbreviated electronic configuration for an element number $21$ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in increasing order of their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods and vertical columns are known as groups. There are $7$ periods and $18$ groups in modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 3.31E

The abbreviated electronic configuration for an element number $21$ is $\left[\text{Ar}\right]4s^{2}3d^1$ respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration tells about the arrangement of the electrons in each subshell and each orbit of an atom. The abbreviated electronic configuration is the simplified representation of electrons in the valence shell by using noble gas symbols. This form is also known as noble gas configuration.

The atomic number of an element is $21$ that is scandium. The electronic configuration of scandium is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^1$. The number of electrons present in the inner shells of scandium that is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^6$ represents the electronic configuration of argon. Therefore, the symbol of argon $\left[\text{Ar}\right]$ is used to represent the number of electrons present in the inner shells of scandium. Hence, the abbreviated electronic configuration for scandium is $\left[\text{Ar}\right]4s^{2}3d^1$.

Conclusion

The abbreviated electronic configuration for an element number $21$ is $\left[\text{Ar}\right]4s^{2}3d^1$ respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The abbreviated electronic configuration for iodine is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in increasing order of their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods and vertical columns are known as groups. There are $7$ periods and $18$ groups in modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 3.31E

The abbreviated electronic configuration for iodine is $\left[\text{Kr}\right]5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^5$ respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration tells about the arrangement of the electrons in each subshell and each orbit of an atom. The abbreviated electronic configuration is the simplified representation of electrons in the valence shell by using noble gas symbols. This form is also known as noble gas configuration.

The atomic number of iodine is $53$. The electronic configuration of iodine is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^5$. The number of electrons present in the inner shells of iodine that is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^6$ represents the electronic configuration of krypton. Therefore, the symbol of krypton $\left[\text{Kr}\right]$ is used to represent the number of electrons present in the inner shells of iodine. Hence, the abbreviated electronic configuration for iodine is $\left[\text{Kr}\right]5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^5$.

Conclusion

The abbreviated electronic configuration for iodine is $\left[\text{Kr}\right]5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^5$ respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The abbreviated electronic configuration for copper is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in increasing order of their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods and vertical columns are known as groups. There are $7$ periods and $18$ groups in modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 3.31E

The abbreviated electronic configuration for copper is $\left[\text{Ar}\right]4s^{1}3d^{10}$ respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration tells about the arrangement of the electrons in each subshell and each orbit of an atom. The abbreviated electronic configuration is the simplified representation of electrons in the valence shell by using noble gas symbols. This form is also known as noble gas configuration.

The atomic number of copper is $29$. The electronic configuration of copper is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{1}3d^{10}$. The number of electrons present in the inner shells of copper that is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^6$ represents the electronic configuration of argon. Therefore, the symbol of argon $\left[\text{Ar}\right]$ is used to represent the number of electrons present in the inner shells of copper. Hence, the abbreviated electronic configuration for copper is $\left[\text{Ar}\right]4s^{1}3d^{10}$.

Conclusion

The abbreviated electronic configuration for copper is $\left[\text{Ar}\right]4s^{1}3d^{10}$ respectively.