Chapter 3, Problem 3.44EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The predominant organic product that is formed in the given reaction has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohol is an organic compound that has hydroxyl as its functional group.  Alcohols contain both nonpolar and polar groups in it.  Hydroxyl group is the polar group and the alkyl group is the nonpolar group.  Physical properties of alcohol depend on which of the two groups dominate.  Alcohols can be prepared in laboratory by hydration of alkenes and reduction of carbonyl compounds.

Alkenes are compounds that contain a double bond between carbon atoms.  When alkenes undergo hydration in presence of sulfuric acid as catalyst, an alcohol is formed as product.  The major product formed in case of unsymmetrical alkene is found by using Markovnikov’s rule.  The general scheme for hydration of alkene can be given as,

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The predominant organic product that is formed in the given reaction has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohol is an organic compound that has hydroxyl as its functional group.  Alcohols contain both nonpolar and polar groups in it.  Hydroxyl group is the polar group and the alkyl group is the nonpolar group.  Physical properties of alcohol depend on which of the two groups dominate.  Alcohols can be prepared in laboratory by hydration of alkenes and reduction of carbonyl compounds.

Double bond between a carbon atom and oxygen atom means that the compound is a carbonyl compound.  Addition of hydrogen to this carbonyl group leads to the formation of alcohol.  When hydrogen is added to the carbonyl, the oxygen of the carbonyl is converted into hydroxyl group.  A scheme for the addition of hydrogen to the carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The predominant organic product that is formed in the given reaction has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohol is an organic compound that has hydroxyl as its functional group.  Alcohols contain both nonpolar and polar groups in it.  Hydroxyl group is the polar group and the alkyl group is the nonpolar group.  Physical properties of alcohol depend on which of the two groups dominate.  Alcohols can be prepared in laboratory by hydration of alkenes and reduction of carbonyl compounds.

Double bond between a carbon atom and oxygen atom means that the compound is a carbonyl compound.  Addition of hydrogen to this carbonyl group leads to the formation of alcohol.  When hydrogen is added to the carbonyl, the oxygen of the carbonyl is converted into hydroxyl group.  A scheme for the addition of hydrogen to the carbonyl group can be given as shown below,

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The predominant organic product that is formed in the given reaction has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohol is an organic compound that has hydroxyl as its functional group.  Alcohols contain both nonpolar and polar groups in it.  Hydroxyl group is the polar group and the alkyl group is the nonpolar group.  Physical properties of alcohol depend on which of the two groups dominate.  Alcohols can be prepared in laboratory by hydration of alkenes and reduction of carbonyl compounds.

Alkenes are compounds that contain a double bond between carbon atoms.  When alkenes undergo hydration in presence of sulfuric acid as catalyst, an alcohol is formed as product.  The major product formed in case of unsymmetrical alkene is found by using Markovnikov’s rule.  The general scheme for hydration of alkene can be given as,