Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The reason for the fact that amino acids are
Concept introduction:
A protein is the polymerized form of amino acids that are linked together by peptide bonds. A small chain of polymerized amino acids form a peptide chain. Several peptide chains are linked together to form a protein. Thus, the molecular weight of a protein is more than that of the peptide chains.
A crosslink is the connection between two chains or molecules of a particular structure. For example, two peptide chains may be cross-linked with each other to form a complete protein.
A covalent bond is the type of bond in which the electron pair is shared between the two atoms.
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Biochemistry
- RECALL Is it possible to form cyclic peptides without bonds between side chains of the component amino acids?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Many properties of acetic acid can be rationalized in terms of a hydrogen-bonded dimer. Propose a structure for such a dimer.arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Compare the information in the sequence of monomers in a polysaccharide with that in the sequence of amino acid residues in a protein.arrow_forward
- REFLECT AND APPLY Starting with a Fischer projection of D-fructose, write equations showing the formation of -D-fructopyranose, -D-fructofuranose, -D-fructopyranose, and -D-fructofuranose.arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Glycine is a highly conserved amino acid residue in proteins (i.e., it is found in the same position in the primary structure of related proteins). Suggest a reason why this might occur.arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Based on what you know about glycosidic bonds, propose a scheme for formation of covalent bonds between the carbohydrate and protein portions of glycoproteins.arrow_forward
- REFLECT AND APPLY The structures of tRNAs contain several unusual bases in addition to the typical four. Suggest a function for the unusual bases.arrow_forwardRECALL What are caspases?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Explain why a 50S ribosomal subunit and a 30S ribosomal subunit combine to form a 70S subunit, instead of an 80S subunit.arrow_forward
- REFLECT AND APPLY Why do amino acids other than methionine occur in the N-terminal position of proteins from eukaryotes?arrow_forwardRECALL Are amino acids other than the usual 20 amino acids found in proteins? If so, how are such amino acids incorporated into proteins? Give an example of such an amino acid and a protein in which it occurs.arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY The amino acid hydroxyproline is found in collagen. There is no codon for hydroxyproline. Explain the occurrence of this amino acid in a common protein.arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage Learning