When solid silicon tetrachloride reacts with water, solid silicon dioxide and hydrogen chloride gas are formed. (a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction. (b) In an experiment, 45.00 g of silicon tetrachloride are treated with 45.00 mL of water ( d = 1.00 g / mL ) . What is the theoretical yield of HCI (in grams)? (c) When the reaction is complete, 17.8 L of HCl gas ( d = 1.49 g / L at the conditions of the experiment) are obtained. What is the percent yield? (d) How much of the reactant in excess is unused?

(a)

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical reaction should be determined..

Concept introduction:.

A chemical reaction is said to be balanced if all the constituent atoms are same on both sides of the reaction arrow. A balanced chemical reaction is in accordance with the law of conservation of mass.

The reaction of solid silicon tetrachloride and water to give solid silicon dioxide and hydrogen chloride gas is represented as follows:.

SiCl4(s)+H2O(g)→SiO2(s)+HCl(g).

To balance the number of chlorine atoms, give coefficient 4 to HCl..

SiCl4(s)+H2O(g)→SiO2(s)+4HCl(g).

Now, give coefficient 2 to H2O to balance the number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms

(b)

Interpretation:

The theoretical yield of HCl should be determined..

Concept introduction:.

In a chemical reaction, the reactant which limits the rate of the reaction is known as limiting reactant. The amount of product formed depends on the amount of limiting reactant present in the reaction mixture.

(c)

Interpretation:

The percent yield of the HCl should be determined..

Concept introduction:.

The number of moles of a substance is related to mass and molar mass as follows:.

n=mM.

Here,mis mass andMis molar mass of the substance..

The molarity of a solution is defined as number of moles of solute in 1 L of the solution. It is mathematically represented as follows:.

M=nV.

Here, n is number of moles of solute and V is volume of solution in L. Thus, the unit of molarity is mol/L.

The percentage yield of the reaction can be calculated as follows:.

%yield=Actual yieldTheoretical yield×100%

(d)

Interpretation:

The mass of water remains after the reaction should be determined..

Concept introduction:.

The number of moles of a substance is related to mass and molar mass as follows:.

n=mM.

Here,mis mass andMis molar mass of the substance..

The molarity of a solution is defined as number of moles of solute in 1 L of the solution. It is mathematically represented as follows:.

M=nV.

Here, n is number of moles of solute and V is volume of solution in L. Thus, the unit of molarity is mol/L.

The percentage yield of the reaction can be calculated as follows:.

%yield=Actual yieldTheoretical yield×100%