BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305967359
Author: STARR
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Question
Chapter 30, Problem 2CT
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The reasons that the presence of the reflective layer at the back of the retina makes the eye more sensitive for the light and is also responsible for the reduced ability to distinguish fine details.
Introduction:
The eye is a sensory organ that detects the light and converts the image into electrical signals. These signals are transferred to the visual cortex of the brain. Specialized cells called photoreceptor cells receive the light and convert it to the neural signals. Cone cells and rod cells are two different types of photoreceptors. Cone cells are responsible for colored vision, and rod cells are responsible for visualization in the presence of very less light.
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We have three types of cones in the retina. Explain how we can see a large range of colors with only three types of cones:
When transitioning from a pitch black room, to a sunny room where there is a lot of light, what happens to the cells in the retina?
1. Ganglion cells will release more glutamate
2. Rod cells will release less glutamate
3. Ganglion cells will release less glutamate
4. Rod cells will release more glutamate
The transduction process of converting light into neural signals sent to the central nervous system involves which of these steps?
A.
Bipolar Cells collect signals from Rods and Cones.
B.
The Optic Nerve carries signals about light from the Lateral Geniculate Nuclues to the Retinal Ganglion Cells.
C.
Retinal Ganglion Cells relay information to Rods and Cones.
D.
Light that reaches the eyes passes first through the Retina which focuses that light onto the Cornea.
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The inner layer of the eye includes the _____________. a. lens and choroid b. sclera and cornea c. retina d. start of optic nerve
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For vertebrate photoreception, define: (a) photopigment; (b) photoreceptor; and (c) receptive field.
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Occupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to loud noise of a particular pitch can cause loss of hair cells in the part of the cochlea that responds to that pitch. People who work with or around noisy machinery are at risk for such frequency-specific hearing loss. Taking precautions such as using ear plugs to reduce sound exposure is important. Noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented, but once it occurs it is irreversible because dead or damaged hair cells are not replaced. FIGURE 33.24 shows the threshold decibel levels at which sounds of different frequencies can be detected by an average 25-year-old carpenter, a 50-year-old carpenter, and a 50-year-old who has not been exposed to on-the-job noise. Sound frequencies are given in hertz (cycles per second), The more cycles per second, the higher the pitch. FIGURE 33.24 Effects of age aria occupational noise exposure. The graph shows the threshold hearing capacities fin decibels) for sounds of different frequencies (given in hertz) in a 25-year-okj carpenter (blue). a 50-year-old carpenter (red), arid a 50-year-ofd who did not have any on-the-job noise exposure (brown). 1. Which sound frequency was most easily detected by all three people?
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Figure 36.18 Which of the following statements about the human eye is false? Rods detect color, while cones detect only shades of gray. When light enters the retina, it passes the ganglion cells and bipolar cells before reaching photoreceptors at the rear of the eye. The iris adjusts the amount of light coming into the eye. The cornea is a protective layer on the front of the eye.
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Figure 36.14 Cochlear implants can restore hearing in people who have a nonfunctional cochlea The implant consists of a microphone that picks up sound. A speech processor selects sounds in the range of human speech, and a transmitter converts these sounds to electrical impulses, which are then sent to the auditory nerve. Which of the following types of hearing loss would not be restored by a cochlear implant? Hearing loss resulting from absence or loss of hair cells in the organ of Corti. Hearing loss resulting from an abnormal auditory nerve. Hearing loss resulting from fracture of the cochlea. Hearing loss resulting from damage to bones of the middle ear.
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Visual Perception – How It Works; Author: simpleshow foundation;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DU3IiqUWGcU;License: Standard youtube license