College Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168000
Author: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Chapter 31, Problem 10CQ
Is it possible for light emitted by a scintillator to be too low in frequency to be used in a photomultiplier tube? Explain.
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Chapter 31 Solutions
College Physics
Ch. 31 - Suppose the range for 5.0 MeVa ray is known to be...Ch. 31 - What is the difference between (rays and...Ch. 31 - Ionizing radiation interacts with matter by...Ch. 31 - What characteristics of radioactivity show it to...Ch. 31 - What is the source of the energy emitted in...Ch. 31 - Consider Figure 31.3. If an electric field is...Ch. 31 - Explain how an (particle can have a larger range...Ch. 31 - Arrange the following according to their ability...Ch. 31 - Often, when people have to work around radioactive...Ch. 31 - Is it possible for light emitted by a scintillator...
Ch. 31 - The weak and strong nuclear forces are basic to...Ch. 31 - Define and make clear distinctions between the...Ch. 31 - What are isotopes? Why do different isotopes of...Ch. 31 - Star Trek fans have often heard the term...Ch. 31 - What conservation law requires an electron’s...Ch. 31 - Neutrinos are experimentally determined to have an...Ch. 31 - What do the three types of beta decay have in...Ch. 31 - In a 3109 yearold rock that originally contained...Ch. 31 - Does the number of radioactive nuclei in a sample...Ch. 31 - Radioactivity depends on the nucleus and not the...Ch. 31 - Explain how a bound system can have less mass than...Ch. 31 - Spontaneous radioactive decay occurs only when the...Ch. 31 - To obtain the most precise value of BE from the...Ch. 31 - How does the finite range of the nuclear force...Ch. 31 - Why is the number of neutrons greater than the...Ch. 31 - A physics student caught breaking conservation...Ch. 31 - When a nucleus (decays, does the (particle move...Ch. 31 - The energy of 30.0 eV is required to ionize a...Ch. 31 - A particle of ionizing radiation creates 4000 ion...Ch. 31 - (a) Repeat Exercise 31.2, and convert the energy...Ch. 31 - Suppose a particle of ionizing radiation deposits...Ch. 31 - Verify that a 2.31017kg mass of water at normal...Ch. 31 - Find the length of a side of a cube having a mass...Ch. 31 - What is the radius of an (particle?Ch. 31 - Find the radius of a 238Pu nucleus. 238Pu is a...Ch. 31 - (a) Calculate the radius of 58Ni, one of the most...Ch. 31 - The unified atomic mass unit is defined to be...Ch. 31 - What is the ratio of the velocity of a (particle...Ch. 31 - If a 1.50cmthick piece of lead can absorb 90.0% of...Ch. 31 - The detail observable using a probe is limited by...Ch. 31 - (a) Show that if you assume the average nucleus is...Ch. 31 - What is the radio of the velocity of a 5.00MeV...Ch. 31 - (a) What is the kinetic energy in MeV of a ray...Ch. 31 - In the following eight problems, write the...Ch. 31 - In the following eight problems, write the...Ch. 31 - In the following eight problems, write the...Ch. 31 - In the following eight problems, write the...Ch. 31 - In the following eight problems, write the...Ch. 31 - In the following eight problems, write the...Ch. 31 - In the following eight problems, write the...Ch. 31 - In the following eight problems, write the...Ch. 31 - decay producing 137Ba. The parent nuclide is a...Ch. 31 - ( decay producing 90Y. The parent nuclide is a...Ch. 31 - decay producing 228Ra. The parent nuclide is...Ch. 31 - decay producing 208Pb. The parent nuclide is in...Ch. 31 - When an electron and position annihilate, both...Ch. 31 - Confirm That charge, electron family number, and...Ch. 31 - Confirm that charge, electron family number, and...Ch. 31 - Confirm that charge, electron family number, and...Ch. 31 - Confirm that charge, electron family number, and...Ch. 31 - A rare decay mode has been observed in which 222Ra...Ch. 31 - (a) Write the complete a decay equation for 226Ra....Ch. 31 - (a) Write the complete a decay equation for 249Cf....Ch. 31 - (a) Write the complete decay equation for the...Ch. 31 - (a) Write the complete decay equation for 90Sr,...Ch. 31 - Calculate the energy released in the + decay of...Ch. 31 - (a) Write the complete + decay equation for llC....Ch. 31 - (a) Calculate the energy released in the a decay...Ch. 31 - (a) Write the complete reaction equation for...Ch. 31 - (a) Write the complete reaction equation for...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - Data from the appendices and the periodic table...Ch. 31 - 2H is a loosely hound isotope of hydrogen. Called...Ch. 31 - 56Feis among the most tightly bound of all...Ch. 31 - 209Bi is the heaviest stable nuclide, and its BE/A...Ch. 31 - (a) Calculate BE/A for 235U, the rarer of the two...Ch. 31 - (a) Calculate BE/A for 12C. Stable and relatively...Ch. 31 - The fact that BE/A is greatest for A near 60...Ch. 31 - The purpose of this problem is to show in three...Ch. 31 - Unreasonable Results A particle physicist...Ch. 31 - Derive an approximate relationship between the...Ch. 31 - Integrated Concepts A 2.00T magnetic ?eld is...Ch. 31 - (a) Write the decay equation for the decay of...Ch. 31 - Unreasonable Results The relatively scarce...Ch. 31 - Unreasonable Results A physicist scatters (rays...Ch. 31 - Unreasonable Results A frazzled theoretical...Ch. 31 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider the decay of...
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- Unreasonable Results A physicist scatters (rays from a substance and sees evidence of a nucleus 7.51013m in radius. (a) Find the atomic mass of such a nucleus. (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) What is unreasonable about the assumption?arrow_forwardIonizing radiation interacts with matter by scattering from electrons and nuclei in the substance. Based on the law of conservation of momentum and energy, explain why electrons tend to absorb more energy than nuclei in these interactions.arrow_forwardThe Galileo space probe was launched on its long journey past Venus and Earth in 1989, with an ultimate goal of Jupiter. Its power source is 11.0 kg of 238Pu, a by-product of nuclear weapons plutonium production. Electrical energy is generated thermoelectrically from the heat produced when the 5.59-MeV a panicles emitted in each decay crash to a halt inside the plutonium and its shielding. The half-life of 238Pu is 87.7 years. What was the original activity of the 238Pu in becquerels? What power was emitted in kilowatts? What power was emitted 12.0 y after launch? You may neglect any extra energy from daughter nuclides and any losses from escaping rays.arrow_forward
- Unreasonable Results A frazzled theoretical physicist reckons that all conservation laws are obeyed in the decay of a proton into a neutron, positron, and neutrino (as in (+ decay of a nucleus) and sends a paper to a journal to announce the reaction as a possible end of the universe due to the spontaneous decay of protons. (a) What energy is released in this decay? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) What assumption is responsible?arrow_forwardA particle of ionizing radiation creates 4000 ion pairs in the gas inside a Geiger tube as it passes through. What minimum energy was deposited, If 30.0 eV is required to create each ion pair?arrow_forwardWhen a nucleus (decays, does the (particle move continuously from inside the nucleus to outside? That is, does it travel each point along an imaginary line from inside to out? Explain.arrow_forward
- (a) Use the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to calculate the uncertainty in energy for a corresponding time interval of 10-43s. (b) Compare this energy with the 1019 GeV unification-of-forces energy and discuss why they are similar.arrow_forwardConstruct Your Own Problem Consider a detector needed to observe the proposed, but extremely rare, decay of an electron. Construct a problem in which you calculate the amount of matter needed in the detector to be able to observe the decay, assuming that it has a signature that is clearly identi?able. Among the things to consider are the estimated half life (long for rare events), and the number of decays per unit time that you wish to observe, as well as the number of electrons in the detector substance.arrow_forwardAnother set of reactions that result in the fusing of hydrogen into helium in the Sun and especially in hotter stars is called the carbon cycle. It is 12C+1H13N+, 13N13C+e++ve, 13C+1H14N+, 14N+1H15O+, 15O15N+e++ve, 15N+1H12C+4He. Write down the overall effect at the carbon cycle (as was done for the protonproton cycle in 2e+41H+4He+2ve+6. Note the number of protons (lH) required and assume that the positrons (e+) annihilate electrons to form more (rays.arrow_forward
- Integrated Concepts The laser system tested for inertial con?nement can produce a 100kJ pulse only 1.000 ns in duration. (a) What is the power output of the laser system during the brief pulse? (b) How many photons are in the pulse, given their wavelength is 1.06 (m? (c) What is the total momentum of all these photons? (d) How does the total photon momentum compare with that of a single 1.00 MeV deuterium nucleus?arrow_forwardThe RBE for lowenergy s is 1.7, whereas that for higher-energy s is only 1. Explain why, considering how the range of radiation depends on its energy.arrow_forwardA radiationenhanced nuclear weapon (or neutron bomb) can have a smaller total yield and still produce more prompt radiation than a conventional nuclear bomb. This allows the use of neutron bombs to kill nearby advancing enemy forces with radiation without blowing up your own forces with the blast. For a 0.500kT radiationenhanced weapon and a 1.00kT conventional nuclear bomb: (a) Compare the blast yields. (b) Compare the prompt radiation yields.arrow_forward
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