Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 32, Problem 14P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The actual transmembrane potential difference for the neuron needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction :
The relative permeability is defined as the actual permeability of a specific fluid at a specific saturation and the absolute permeability of that fluid at saturation ratio If a rock contains a single fluid, the relative permeability will be 1.0.
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Calculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 ∘C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.50M on the "right side" and 0.08 M on the "left side", given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (−).
Membrane permeable only to Cl−.
Subject: Neurophysiology
The neuron for this experiment is in a bath with [K+] = 2 mM and [Na+] = 150 mM.
Calculate the Nernst Equilibrium potential for each ion.
What is your estimate for the gNa and for gK? If you are more comfortable, use PNa and PK. Remember, these values should be between 0 and 1.
What is the resting membrane potential for this cell?
Draw an action potential for this neuron in this solution. Keep in mind that this neuron is in unusual solutions. Label each axis and indicate inward and outward currents. Be absolutely certain to label the peak voltage and threshold for the AP!
The resting membrane potential of a neuron at 37°C is –60 mV (inside negative). If the freeenergy change associated with the transport of Na+ from o utside to in side is –10.0 kJ/mol, and [Na+]outside the cell is 260 mM, what is [Na+] inside the cell?gas constant R=8.315 J/mol.K; Faraday constant F=96.5 kJ/mol.volt
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- Calculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 ∘C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.50 M on the "right side" and 0.08 M on the "left side", given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (−). Membrane equally permeable to both ions.arrow_forwardCalculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 °C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.10 M on the “right side” and 0.01 M on the “left side”, given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (-). (a) Membrane permeable only to Na+ (b) Membrane permeable only to Cl– (c) Membrane equally permeable to both ionsarrow_forwardGraph of membrane potential versus time The graph above represent time in milliseconds. At what time (in milliseconds) is the inside of the neuron the most positive and why? Explain why the membrane potential changes at X. Explain what is happening at point C to the sodium and potassium ions and how this is affecting the membrane potential. Describe two things that contribute to the resting membrane potential.arrow_forward
- Define resting membrane potential and describe its electrochemical basis. Briefly discuss changes to resting membrane potential. Provide specific examples of how the 4 essential concepts relative to resting membrane potential or disruption of resting membrane potential.arrow_forwardThe resting membrane potential of a neuron typically is 70 mV. What does this mean?arrow_forwardCalculate the membrane potential in the transport of Cl- from the intracellular environment to the extracellular environment. The Cl- concentration outside the cell is 98 uM, the Cl- concentration in the cytoplasm is 0.025 mM, the Gibbs free energy is -956 J/mol and the temp is 37°C. Have concentration in uM units when solving.arrow_forward
- Batrachotoxin (BTX) is a steroidal alkaloid from the skin of Phyllobates terribilis , a poisonous Colombian frog (the source of the poison used on blowgun darts). In the presence of BTX, Na+ channels in an excised patch stay persistently open when the membrane is depolarized. They close when the membrane is repolarized . Which transition is blocked by BTX?arrow_forward37.Given an intracellular concentration of 120mM and an extracellular concentration of 15mM, calculate the Nernst Equilibrium Potential for K+ in mV 38 Given an intracellular concentration of 2mM and an extracellular concentration of 107mM, calculate the Nernst Equilibrium Potential for Cl- in mV 39 A cell has an actual membrane potential (Em) at rest of -75mV. The equilibrium potential for Na+ is +120mV and the equilibrium potential for K+ is -95mV. Calculate the net driving force for Na+ in mV.arrow_forwardCalculate the free energy of transport for the movement of potassium by the sodium/potassium pump under normal physiological conditions: 4 mM serum potassium, 135 mM intracellular potassium, 37.1 °C, and resting potential -82 mV. Express your answer in kJ/mol. Show all work. Calculate the free energy of transport for the movement of potassium by the sodium/potassium pump under disturbed conditions of 2 mM serum potassium. Assume all other parameters remain the same. Express your answer in kJ/mol. Show all work. What factors could limit the continued action of the sodium/potassium pump when only 2 mM potassium is present in the blood plasma? Note that under normal physiological conditions, the cell interior contains 11 mM sodium and the blood contains 140 mM sodium.arrow_forward
- Membrane potential in cells is constantly fluctuating. These fluctuations are called graded potentials and we will learn more about them in future lectures. Look at the fluctuating graded potential in the graph as an example. If Cl- generally has a relatively low membrane permeability, how would increasing Cl- permeability affect this graph?arrow_forwardThe equilibrium potential for a given ion (Eion) is a theoretical value. For a given concentration gradient of an ion, the equilibrium potential is the charge inside the cell required to hold an ion at that concentration. That is, it is the charge required to perfectly oppose the drive of the ion to move down its concentration gradient. So, if the concentration of Nat is higher outside the cell than inside, its equilibrium potential (ENa) must be I and if we add more sodium to the extracellular fluid, then ENa will II.arrow_forwardAt the peak of the action potential, Vm is approximately -65 mV. Assuming normal intracellular and extracellular K+ concentrations (refer to the table), (1) calculate the driving force (in mV) that acts on K+ ions and (2) use the information obtained in part 1 to determine the direction in which K+ ions will flow (i.e., into the cell or out of cell)arrow_forward
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