Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 33, Problem 4CT
Summary Introduction
To determine: Whether the compounds produced by insects that are similar to natural painkillers are a sufficient evidence to conclude that they perceive pain as mammals do.
Introduction: Pain sensation can be somatic or visceral based on its origin. It is perceived by the nociceptors that are peripheral sensory neurons. They respond to the stimuli such as tissue damage, high temperature, and others. They are present in both invertebrates and vertebrates though the pathways are different.
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After a leg injury, pain makes a person avoid putting too much weight on the affected leg. Shielding the injury gives it time to heal. An injured insect shows no such shielding response. Some have cited lack of such a response as evidence that insects do not feel pain. But insects do produce substances similar to our natural pain killers. Is the presence of these compounds in insects sufficient evidence to conclude that they feel pain?
examples are of pain blocking drugs are ketamine and propofol. Ketamine decreases the function of NMDA receptors and propofol increases the function of GABA receptors. Why do you both of these drugs block pain, when they have opposite effects on the receptors they bind to?
An example of a sensory neuron is one that leads from a pain receptor in the finger to the spinal cord. A pin can be pressed against the skin without eliciting a response from the pain receptor. However, if the pin is jabbed into the finger, the pain receptor may be stimulated and the finger would quickly withdrawn through a reflex arc.
How do we sense different types of pain (very painful vs. not painful at all)? Using what you understand about threshold potentials and the all-or-none principle, explain how it is possible to sense different levels of pain.
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Chapter 33 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 33 - Occupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to...Ch. 33 - Occupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to...Ch. 33 - Prob. 3DAACh. 33 - Prob. 4DAACh. 33 - The pain of heartburn is an example of a ___ . a....Ch. 33 - ___ is defined as a decrease in the response to an...Ch. 33 - Which is a somatic sensation? a. taste b. smell c....Ch. 33 - Chemoreceptors play a role in the sense of ___ ....Ch. 33 - In the ___, neurons are arranged like maps that...Ch. 33 - Mechanoreceptors in the ___ send signal, to the...
Ch. 33 - Prob. 7SQCh. 33 - Prob. 8SQCh. 33 - The organ of Corti contains receptors that signal...Ch. 33 - Night vision begins with stimulation of ___ . a....Ch. 33 - Visual accommodation involves adjustment to the...Ch. 33 - When you view a close object, your lens gets ___ ....Ch. 33 - Defective or missing ___ cause mJor blindness. a....Ch. 33 - ___ causes the pupil to widen. a. Low light b....Ch. 33 - Match each structure with its description. _____...Ch. 33 - Prob. 1CTCh. 33 - A compound extracted from the leaves of the shrub...Ch. 33 - Most bats eat insects or fruit. Vampire bats,...Ch. 33 - Prob. 4CT
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