Concept explainers
Introduction:
The transport mechanisms in plants can be long-distance transport and short-distance transport. The long-distance transport is facilitated via vascular tissues throughout the plant body, while short-distance transport moves the substances into and across cells. There are three mechanisms that are responsible for the short-distance transport.
Answer to Problem 1TYK
Correct answer:
Short-distance transport mechanisms in plants move water and dissolved materials by osmosis.
Explanation of Solution
Justification for the correct answer:
Option (a) is “short-distance transport mechanisms include the movement of water and dissolved materials by osmosis.” Osmosis is the mechanism that is responsible for the short-distance transport. Osmosis is a process responsible for the movement of substances across cells due to concentration gradient. Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
Explanation for incorrect answer:
Option (b) is “short-distance transport mechanisms include bulk flow of solutes and water.” Bulk flow is driven by pressure gradients that occur through the long-distance transport mechanism that uses vascular tissues like xylem and phloem. So, it is an incorrect option.
Option (c) is “short-distance transport mechanisms are not affected by the size of the molecules that have to be transported.” Short-distance transport mechanism is responsible for the movement of substances across the selectively permeable membranes according to concentration gradient. Size of the substance matters because only a certain size can be passed through the membrane pores or transporters. So, it is an incorrect option.
Option (d) is “short-distance transport mechanisms are not affected by the charge of molecules that have to be transported.” Short-distance transport mechanisms are accomplished via osmosis. It is a process that moves the substances across a semipermeable membrane. There are many factors that affect the rate of osmosis, the permeability of membrane being one of them. The permeability of membrane is determined by the charge of the solute. So, it is an incorrect option.
Hence, options (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.
Therefore, short-distance transport mechanism moves water and other dissolved solutes into and across cells via osmosis.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 34 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
- Predict what will happen to the transportation of water and minerals through the plasma membrane if the root was poisoned and no cellular respiration occurredarrow_forwardDescribe the pathway water would follow from the soil to the stem of a plant. Describe the water's movement through the cells, tissues, and systems of the plant body.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true of the water potential of a healthy living plant cell? ( SELECT ALL THAT APPLY) A. It has a higher solute potential (lower solute concentration) than the extracellular environment B. It is under negative pressure C. It has a lower solute potential (high solute concentration) than the extracellular enviroment D. It is under positive pressure E. It has a pressure potential equal to zeroarrow_forward
- Plants obtain water and nutrients from the soil.a. What structure in a plant uses water in a metabolic reaction? What is this metabolic process called? b. Describe in detail two mechanisms by which water can move from the roots to this location c. If a plant was exposed to saltwater, how would it affect the above processes? Be specific, including a discussion of water potential d. How do plants absorb minerals from the soil? Does this process require energy?arrow_forwardContrast water transport mechanisms in plants with those in animals.arrow_forwardIf I were to make a transport molecule for plants, what would be the best characteristics that should be part of it?arrow_forward
- What would enhance water uptake by a plant cell?(A) decreasing the Ψ of the surrounding solution(B) positive pressure on the surrounding solution(C) the loss of solutes from the cell(D) increasing the Ψ of the cytoplasmarrow_forwardExplain what would happen if a plant cell was placed in a hypotonic environment and why (be sure to include solute concentrations, water movement and turgor pressure in your explanation)?arrow_forwardDescribe the pathway water would take up the stem to the leaf of a plant. Describe the water's movement through any cells, tissues, and/or systems of the plant body.arrow_forward
- Suppose that a scientist exposes a leaf to CO2 labeled with radioactivecarbon-14, which is incorporated into organic compounds inphotosynthetic cells. At various times after exposure, the scientist candetermine the location of the radioactive carbon in the plant. In whattissues would you expect to find the radioactive material immediatelyafter exposure to the labeled carbon? What about during transport?When transport is complete, will the radioactive material be in plantparts above the leaf, below the leaf, or both?arrow_forward1) A plant cell with a pressure potential of 5 bars and an osmotic potential of -9 bars is in equilibrium with a surrounding solution that is open to the air. What is the water potential of the surrounding solution? 2) A plant cell, when initially placed in pure water, has an osmotic potential of -4 bars and a pressure potential of +2 bars. a) Which way will water diffuse? b) When will net diffusion stop? c) When equilibrium is reached, what are the cell's osmotic potential and pressure potential values?arrow_forwardTurgor pressure can be measured, in part, by determining the ____________. A. external force of water applied to a bacterial cell's membrane B. external force of water applied to animal cell's membrane C. internal force of water applied to a plant cell's vesicle D. internal force of water applied to a fungal cell's wallarrow_forward
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning