College Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168000
Author: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Chapter 34, Problem 26CQ
Not only is liquid nitrogen a cheaper coolant than liquid helium, its boiling point is higher (77 K vs. 4.2 K). How does higher temperature help lower the cost of cooling a material? Explain in terms of the rate of
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Not only is liquid nitrogen a cheaper coolant than liquid helium, its boiling point is higher (77 K vs. 4.2 K). How does higher temperature help lower the cost of cooling a material? Explain in terms of the rate of heat transfer being related to the temperature difference between the sample and its surroundings.
Our sun, currently a yellow dwarf, will eventually evolve to a red giant star and then to a white dwarf star as shown in the figure. Assume that the sun radiates like a blackbody. Calculate the power radiated by the WHITE DWARF sun if its surface temperature is 8000 K.
The eye of a stove top has a total area of 0.0628 m2 and gives off energy at a rate of 8720 W. If we assume the stove top eye to be a perfect blackbody, what would be the temperature of the eye in Kelvin?
Chapter 34 Solutions
College Physics
Ch. 34 - Explain why it only appears that we are at the...Ch. 34 - If there is no observable edge to the universe,...Ch. 34 - If the universe is infinite, does it have a...Ch. 34 - Another known cause of red shift in light is the...Ch. 34 - If some unknown cause of red shiftsuch as light...Ch. 34 - Olbers’s paradox poses an interesting question: If...Ch. 34 - If the cosmic microwave background radiation...Ch. 34 - The decay of one type of Kmeson is cited as...Ch. 34 - Distances to local galaxies are determined by...Ch. 34 - Distances to very remote galaxies are estimated...
Ch. 34 - If the smallest meaningful time interval is...Ch. 34 - Quantum gravity, if developed, would be an...Ch. 34 - Does observed gravitational lensing correspond to...Ch. 34 - Suppose you measure the red shifts of all the...Ch. 34 - What are gravitational waves, and have they yet...Ch. 34 - Is the event horizon of a black hole the actual...Ch. 34 - Suppose black holes radiate their mass away and...Ch. 34 - Discuss the possibility that star velocities at...Ch. 34 - How does relativistic time dilation prohibit...Ch. 34 - If neutrino oscillations do occur, will they...Ch. 34 - Lacking direct evidence of WIMPs as dark matter,...Ch. 34 - Must a complex system be adaptive to be of...Ch. 34 - State a necessary condition for a System to be...Ch. 34 - What is critical temperature Tc? Do all materials...Ch. 34 - Explain how good thermal contact with liquid...Ch. 34 - Not only is liquid nitrogen a cheaper coolant than...Ch. 34 - For experimental evidence particularly of...Ch. 34 - Discuss whether you think there are limits to what...Ch. 34 - Find the approximate mass of the luminous matter...Ch. 34 - Find the approximate mass of the dark and luminous...Ch. 34 - (a) Estimate the mass of the luminous matter in...Ch. 34 - If a galaxy is 500 Mly away from us, how fast do...Ch. 34 - On average, how far away are galaxies mat are...Ch. 34 - Our solar system orbits the center of the Milky...Ch. 34 - (a) What is the approximate speed relative to us...Ch. 34 - (a) Calculate The approximate age of the universe...Ch. 34 - Assuming a circular orbit for the Sun about the...Ch. 34 - (a) What is the approximate force of gravity on a...Ch. 34 - Andromeda galaxy is the closest large galaxy and...Ch. 34 - (a) A particle and its antiparticle are at rest...Ch. 34 - The average particle energy needed to observe...Ch. 34 - The peak intensity of the CMBR occurs at a...Ch. 34 - (a) What Hubble constant corresponds to an...Ch. 34 - Show that the velocity of a star orbiting its...Ch. 34 - The core of a star collapses during a supernova,...Ch. 34 - Using data from the previous problem, find the...Ch. 34 - Distances to the nearest stars (up to 500 by away)...Ch. 34 - (a) Use the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to...Ch. 34 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a star moving...Ch. 34 - What is the Schwarzschild radius of a blank hole...Ch. 34 - Black holes with masses smaller than muse formed...Ch. 34 - Supermassive black holes are thought to exist at...Ch. 34 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a supermassive...Ch. 34 - The characteristic length of entities in...Ch. 34 - If the dark matter in the Milky Way were composed...Ch. 34 - The critical mass density needed to just halt the...Ch. 34 - Assume the average density of the universe is 0.1...Ch. 34 - To get an idea of how empty deep spam is on the...Ch. 34 - A section of superconducting wire carries a...
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- What is the underlying theoretical explanation for the anomalous behavior of water, such as its high boiling point and density maximum at 4°C?arrow_forwardSolve the following problems systematically and show how you arrived at the final answer. What mass of water need to evaporate from your skin in order to dissipate 1.7 x 105 J of heat from your body? Given: H2O (l) H2O (g) Hvap = 40.7 kJ/molarrow_forwardEarth’s surface absorbs an average of about 960. W/m2 from the Sun’s irradiance. The power absorbed is Pabs = (960. W/m2) (Adisc), where Adisc = π(RE)2 is Earth’s projected area. An equal amount of power is radiated so that Earth remains in thermal equilibrium with its environment at nearly 0 K. Estimate Earth’s surface temperature by setting the radiated power from Stefan’s law equal to the absorbed power and solving for the temperature in Kelvin. In Stefan’s law, assume e = 1 and take the area to be A = 4π(RE)2, the surface area of a spherical Earth. (Note : Earth’s atmosphere acts like a blanket and warms the planet to a global average about 30 K above the value calculated here.)arrow_forward
- A container holds 1.0g of argon at a pressure of 8.0atm How much heat is required to increase the temperature by 100∘C at constant volume? How much will the temperature increase if this amount of heat energy is transferred to the gas at constant pressure?arrow_forward10kg of ice at -10°C is added to 100kg of 20°C water. What is the eventual temperature , in °C, of the water? Assume an insulated container. 2 5 4 6arrow_forwardA star radiates 3.75 times less power than the Sun. What is the ratio of the temperature of the star to that of the Sun? Assume the star and the Sun have the same radius.arrow_forward
- Typical temperatures in the interior of the Earth and Sun are about 4000°C and 15 x 106°C, respectively. Determine the equivalent of these temperatures in Kelvin.arrow_forwardOn the Kelvin scale, absolute zero is the temperature 0 K. Although temperatures very close to 0 K have been produced in laboratories, absolute zero has never been attained. In fact, evidence suggests that absolute zero cannot be attained. How did scientists determine that 0 K is the “lower limit” of the temperature of matter? What is absolute zero on the Celsius scale?arrow_forwardTo find the temperature at the core of the Sun, you consult someWeb sites on the Internet. One site says the temperature is about15 million °C, another says it is 15 million kelvin. Is this a seriousdiscrepancy? Explain.arrow_forward
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