Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 34, Problem 8TYU

SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY • DRAW IT As a consequence of size alone, larger organisms tend to have larger brains than smaller organisms. However, some organisms have brains that are considerably larger than expected for their size. There are high energetic costs associated with the development and mainte- nance of brains that are large relative to body size.

  1. (a) The fossil record documents trends in which brains that are large relative to body size evolved in certain lineages, including hominins. In such lineages, what can you infer about the costs and benefits of large brains?
  2. (b) Hypothesize how natural selection might favor the evolution of large brains despite their high maintenance costs.
  3. (c) Data for 14 bird species are listed below. Graph the data, placing deviation from expected brain size on the x-axis and mortality rate 011 the y-axis. What can you conclude about the relationship between brain size and mortality?
Deviation from Expected Brain Size* -2.4 -2.1 -2.0 -1.8 -1.0 0.0 0.3 0.7 1.2 1.3 2.0 2.3 3.0 3.2
Mortality Rate 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.6
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Students have asked these similar questions
1). There is quite a bit of variation in fossils attributed to the species Homo habilis.  Some of the fossils have larger brains (750cc) and flat, wide faces.  If separated out from Homo habilis, these fossils would be placed in the genus and species called ................ 2) In order to get Johnny's Child to be placed in the genus Homo, the Leakeys downgraded the Cerebral Rubicon from 700cc to ..............cc
1. There are two main groups of bats: Smaller “microbats” navigate by using sonar, and larger “megabats” rely on vision. Mammalogists once thought that both kinds of bats evolve from insectivorous mammals. But similarities between the visual systems of megabats and primates have led some researchers to think that megabats may have evolved from primates, perhaps lemurs. What results would support the hypothesis that the two groups of bats have a common origin? Separate origins?
Other than larger brain / greater intelligence,  which single behavioral or biological innovation / adaptation unique to the genus Homo (bipedalism, thumbs etc are NOT unique to Homo) do you think furthest propelled the genus Homo evolutionarily, and why?

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Campbell Biology (11th Edition)

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