Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781285199030
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3.5, Problem 1CT
The scanning tunneling microscope allows us to “see” atoms. What if you were sent back in time before the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope? What evidence could you give to support the theory that all matter is made of atoms and molecules?
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Ch. 3.2 - Exercise 3.1 Which of the following are physical...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 3.2SCCh. 3.4 - Exercise 3.3 Classify each of the following as a...Ch. 3.5 - The scanning tunneling microscope allows us to...Ch. 3 - When water boils, you can see bubbles rising to...Ch. 3 - If you place a glass rod over a burning candle,...Ch. 3 - The boiling of water is a physical change because...Ch. 3 - Is there a difference between a homogeneous...Ch. 3 - Sketch a magnified view (showing atoms and/or...Ch. 3 - Are all physical changes accompanied by chemical...
Ch. 3 - Why would a chemist find fault with the phrase...Ch. 3 - Are separations of mixtures physical or chemical...Ch. 3 - Explain the termselement, afoul, and compound....Ch. 3 - Mixtures can be classified as either homogeneous...Ch. 3 - Prob. 11ALQCh. 3 - Look at Table 2.8 in your text. How do the...Ch. 3 - Label of the following as an atomic element, a...Ch. 3 - Match each description below with the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 3 - What is the chief factor that determines...Ch. 3 - Of the three stales of matter, and are not very...Ch. 3 - has a definite volume hut takes the shape of its...Ch. 3 - Compare and contrast the ease with which molecules...Ch. 3 - Matter in the __________ state has no shape and...Ch. 3 - What similarities are there between the solid and...Ch. 3 - A sample of matter that is “rigid” has...Ch. 3 - Consider three 10-g samples of water: one as ice,...Ch. 3 - ¡n a sample of a gaseous substance, more than 99%...Ch. 3 - Elemental bromine is a dense, dark-red,...Ch. 3 - Is the process represented below a physical or...Ch. 3 - From the information given above, indicate...Ch. 3 - Prob. 14QAPCh. 3 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 3 - Which of the following is/are examples of a...Ch. 3 - Classify each of the following as a physical or...Ch. 3 - Classify each of the following as aphysical or...Ch. 3 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 3 - What is acompound? What are compounds composed of?...Ch. 3 - Certain elements have special affinities for other...Ch. 3 - _________ can he broken down into the component...Ch. 3 - The composition of a given pure compound is always...Ch. 3 - Which of the following are considered compounds...Ch. 3 - If iron filings are placed with excess powdered...Ch. 3 - If the combination of iron filings and sulfur in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 27QAPCh. 3 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 3 - Classify the following asmixturesorpure...Ch. 3 - Classify the following asmixturesorpure...Ch. 3 - Classify the following mixtures...Ch. 3 - Read the “Chemistry in Focus” segmentConcrete—An...Ch. 3 - Prob. 33QAPCh. 3 - Describe how the process offiltrationcould be used...Ch. 3 - In a common laboratory experiment in general...Ch. 3 - During a filtration or distillation experiment, we...Ch. 3 - Prob. 37APCh. 3 - Classify each of the following as a(n) element,...Ch. 3 - 1f a piece of hard, white blackboard chalk is...Ch. 3 - During a very cold winter, the temperature may...Ch. 3 - Prob. 41APCh. 3 - True or false? Salad dressing (such as oil and...Ch. 3 - Prob. 43APCh. 3 - Which of (he following are true? P4 is considered...Ch. 3 - (For Exercises 4546) Solutions containing...Ch. 3 - (For Exercises 4546) Solutions containing...Ch. 3 - The processes of melting and evaporation involve...Ch. 3 - A(n) always has the same composition.Ch. 3 - Classify each of the following as...Ch. 3 - Classify the following mixtures as homogeneous or...Ch. 3 - Prob. 51APCh. 3 - Prob. 52APCh. 3 - Give three examples each ofheterogeneousmixtures...Ch. 3 - True or false? Mixtures always result in a...Ch. 3 - Choose an element or compound with which you are...Ch. 3 - Prob. 56APCh. 3 - Give an example of each of the following: a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 58APCh. 3 - Sketch the apparatus commonly used for simple...Ch. 3 - Prob. 60APCh. 3 - Which of the following best describes the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 62CPCh. 3 - Which of the following describes a chemical...Ch. 3 - Prob. 64CPCh. 3 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3 - Prob. 2CRCh. 3 - You have learned the basic way in which scientists...Ch. 3 - Many college students would not choose to take a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 5CRCh. 3 - Prob. 6CRCh. 3 - Prob. 7CRCh. 3 - Prob. 8CRCh. 3 - Prob. 9CRCh. 3 - What ismatter? What is matter composed of? What...Ch. 3 - Prob. 11CRCh. 3 - Prob. 12CRCh. 3 - Prob. 13CRCh. 3 - Prob. 14CRCh. 3 - Prob. 15CRCh. 3 - Prob. 16CRCh. 3 - Prob. 17CRCh. 3 - a. Given that 1100. mL of ethyl alcohol weighs...Ch. 3 - Which of the following represent physical...
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- a Which of the following substances would you expect to be elements and which would you expect to be compounds? 1 aluminum sulfate; 2 osmium; 3 radon; 4 lithium carbonate; 5 dimethylhydrazine. b On what general rule do you base your answers to part a? Can you name any exceptions to this general rule for compounds?arrow_forwardSketch a magnified view (showing atoms and/or molecules) of each of the following, and explain why the specified type of mixture is a heterogeneous mixture of two different compounds. a homogeneous mixture of an element and a compound.arrow_forwardWrite a chemical formula for each substance, and draw a picture of how the nanoscale particles are arranged at room temperature. Water, a liquid whose molecules contain two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom each Nitrogen, a gas that consists of diatomic molecules Neon Chlorinearrow_forward
- As stated in the text, convincing examples that demonstrate the law of conservation of matter outside of the laboratory are few and far between. Indicate whether the mass would increase, decrease, or stay the same for the following scenarios where chemical reactions take place: Exactly one pound of bread dough is placed in a baking tin. The dough is cooked in an oven at 350 F releasing a wonderful aroma of freshly baked bread during the cooking process. Is the mass of the baked loaf less than, greater than, or the same as the one pound of original dough? Explain. When magnesium burns in air a white flaky ash of magnesium oxide is produced. Is the mass of magnesium oxide less than, greater than, or the same as the original piece of magnesium? Explain. Antoine Lavoisier, the French scientist credited with first stating the law of conservation of matter, heated a mixture of tin and air in a sealed flask to produce tin oxide. Did the mass of the sealed flask and contents decrease, increase, or remain the same after the heatingarrow_forward1.)An atom of sodium contains 11 electrons, 11 protons, and 12 neutrons. What is the atomic number of sodium? 2.)Many plants are able to move their flowers, tracking the sun across the sky throughout the day. Which property of life does this illustrate? 3.)Your adorable 5-pound puppy eventually becomes a 70-lb black lab that still wants to sit on your lap. Which property of life does this illustrate? 4.)Which of the following is not a fundamental property of living organisms?arrow_forwardOne of the big problems in chemistry is our dependence upon our five senses (macroscopic observations) to infer what occurs on the atomic and molecular level (microscopic behavior of matter). Give two examples of observations we can make on the macroscopic level that prove to us that atoms and molecules are in motion.arrow_forward
- . Investigate the history of the discovery of chemical elements. What was the most recent element to be discovered and how was it found? How many elements occur in nature and how many are man-made?arrow_forwardThe study of detecting small quantities of substances in samples would most likely be performed by a chemist in the branch of chemistry known as ___ . organic chemistry biochemistry inorganic chemistry analytical chemistry physical chemistryarrow_forwardHow is a molecule different from a compound? How is an atom different from an element?arrow_forward
- There are four sketches below. The first sketch shows a sample of Substance X. The three sketches underneath it show three different changes to the sample. You must decide whether each of these changes is possible. If a change is possible, you must also decide whether it is a physical change or a chemical change. Each sketch is drawn as if the sample were under a microscope so powerful that individual atoms could be seen. Also, you should assume that you can see the entire sample, and that the sample is in a sealed box, so that no matter can enter or leave.arrow_forwardThe vitamin niacin (nicotinic acid,C6H5NO2 ) can he isolated from a variety of natural sources, such as liver, yeast, milk, and whole grain. It also can be synthesized from commercially available materials. Which Source of nicotinic acid, from a nutritional view, is best for use in a multivitamin tablet? Why?arrow_forwardCopper: (a) Suppose you have a cube of copper metal that is 0.236 cm on a side with a mass of 0.1206 g. If you know that each copper atom (radius = 128 pm) has a mass of 1.055 1022 g (you will learn in Chapter 2 how to find the mass of one atom), how many atoms are there in this cube? What fraction of the cube is filled with atoms? (Or conversely, how much of the lattice is empty space?) Why is there empty space in the lattice? (b) Now look at the smallest, repeating unit of the crystal lattice of copper. Knowing that an edge of this cube is 361.47 pm and the density of copper is 8.960 g/cm3, calculate the number of copper atoms in this smallest, repeating unit.arrow_forward
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