Chapter 36, Problem 1NS.1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The symptoms that might be caused by the increase in amount of erythropoietin (EPO).

Introduction:

Erythropoietin is a hormone secreted by kidneys in response to hypoxia (low oxygen levels in the blood). It travels to bone marrow through blood and stimulates the production of red blood cells which in turn increases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. Athletes often misuse this hormone to increase their endurance and performance.

Explanation of Solution

Certain kidney tumors can also result in elevated production of EPO. The increased production of EPO can lead to increase in number of red blood cells, a condition called polycythemia.

The excessive production of EPO can also lead to increase in hematocrit level (percentage of the total blood volume occupied by the red blood cells). The normal value of hematocrit is 40-54 % while in certain kidney cancers it can rise above 50 %.

The increased amount of EPO can produce a number of symptoms in the body such as enlarged spleen, enlarged liver, headache and vertigo. It can also lead to blood clotting and strokes, if dehydration occurs.

Conclusion

The symptoms caused by the increased amount of EPO include polycythemia, increased hematocrit value, enlarged spleen, enlarged liver, vertigo and headache.