Before each flu season, you get a flu shot, which consists of a vaccine against several strains of the influenza virus. This year, you get “the flu” anyway. What happened? (There are at least three explanations.)

Q: After entry into the respiratory tract (alveolar epithelium), which is the target protein for the…

A: Acute Respiratory Syndrome Serious Since there are several conserved receptor inputs, namely…

Q: How do blood clots help to stop diseases

A: Whenever there is an injury, red blood cells and platelets clump together at the broken blood…

Q: Which statement best explains why the virus that causes dog flu does not infect humans? In other…

A: A virus is an 'infectious agent' that consists of genetic material (either RNA or DNA) enclosed in a…

Q: When antibiotics and vaccination techniques were first discovered, the statement was made that all…

A: Vaccine can be defined as a non virulent preparation from the antigenic material ,which is able to…

Q: how does a fever help the body fight infections

A: Pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms that upon entering a healthy body cause illness or…

Q: Hana comes from an island town of 2000 people. She goes to the mainland with a friend and there they…

A: Given information  On the island there are 2000 people. Hana returns with a friend from the island…

Q: a. During which stages of an infectious disease does the host exhibit signs and symptoms? Is there a…

A: Hi! As you have posted multiple questions, I will be answering the first question for you. If you…

Q: How would you explain to a patient that a virus can be used to eliminate a bone infection caused by…

A: Bacterial infections are bodily infections that are caused by different classes of bacteria which…

Q: Annual flu shots: deliver antibody from the survivors of a virus. boost the number of phagocytes…

A: FLU-   It is an infection caused by a virus in which the respiratory organs are affected like the…

Q: About how big in micrometers AND nanometers is an Ebola virus? Describe the disease caused by the…

A: An infectious disease is one that is caused by pathogenic microbes. These microbes can be bacteria,…

Q: If a person contracted MRSA and no antibiotics are working on them, how would you go about finding a…

A: MRSA is an abbreviation for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It's a strain of staph…

Q: Which virus replicates in the cytoplasm of skeletal muscles and then moves across the neuromuscular…

A: Disclaimer: As per Bartleby guidelines, we will answer only the first question. Please repost the…

Q: Why have attempts to find a vaccine against HIV been unsuccessful?

A: Human Immunodeficiency Viruses are types of lentivirus which causes immunosuppression in humans and…

Q: In many viral diseases (e.g., smallpox, mumps and influenza), illness occurs shortly after exposure…

A: A virus is a combination of hereditary code, either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic…

Q: Breast fed babies are more immune to diseases than the bottle fed babies. Why?

A: Breast milk is the milk produced by mammary glands located in the breast of a human female to feed…

Q: Jane Doe is infected with HIV. One of her medications is acyclovir, which is a/an_____________drug…

A: HIV(human immunodeficiency virus) is a type of virus, which is transmitted from one person to…

Q: Why can bird flu H5N1 infect humans?

A: Bird flu is caused by a special type of influenza virus. It rarely affects humans. But are two…

Q: Using what you know about viruses and the immune and lymphatic systems, construct a scientific…

A: There are few important points : As we know that Viruses are simple ,noncellular organism consist of…

Q: Why did Sabin create an oral vaccine?    - Oral vaccine are always more effective than injected…

A: The immune system is a complicated physiological system comprised of several organs, tissues, and…

Q: You are a scientist developing a vaccine against a newly discovered animal virus. What part of the…

A: Vaccinations and Immunizations started in the 18th century, with the Smallpox Vaccination, created…

Q: Does Soap kill virus?

A: Soap is the salt of long-chain fatty acids. They are used for various purposes like cleaning and…

Q: What happens during the 'incubation period'?   The virus is cleared from the body by the immune…

A: The incubation period is a process in which time is needed or required for any specific process to…

Q: Is it possible for the immune system to eliminate the viruses without B cells? Why or why not? (This…

A: Without B-lymphocytes and antibody the virus can be eliminated from the body by our immune system.…

Q: What do you mean by fixed macrophages?

A: The immune system provides defense against invading pathogens. It is a complex network of cells,…

Q: Elena developed chicken pox when she was in first grade. Later in life, when her children developed…

A: Antibodies are the protein molecules produced by the body to retaliate the antigen. In immunization,…

Q: What is the H flu virus?

A: A virus is a submicroscopic organism which contains genetic information either in the form of DNA…

Q: During a major infection, you often get a high fever because _____.

A: Major infection, you often get a high fever because

Q: When you are showing symptoms of a virus, what life cycle are you in?

A: A virus is an agent that can cause infection. Inside a living cell, it can replicate itself. It is…

Q: Why can’t drugs used to treat influenza, like neuraminidase inhibitors, be used to treat a wider…

A: Influenza is a viral infection, also known as flu. It is caused by influenza virus.   Symptoms :…

Q: Explain HIV is so difficult to treat. Why antiviral medication is a cocktail/mixture of different…

A: Ans. HIV-Hummanimmuni deficiency virus. It leads to AIDS and attacks the body's immune system.…

Q: Influenza is what type of virus?

A: Influenza is unremarkably referred to as flu(a communicable disease)  caused by influenza viruses. 4…

Q: Which cells are recruited from the bloodstream to the connective tissue (under the respiratory…

A: The human immune system contains many different types of phagocytic cells such as neutrophils,…

Q: How much time does it take for a flu pandemic to infect people all around the world?

A: A disease, which occurs worldwide crossing all the international natural and man-made boundaries is…

Q: Did an HIV-positive dentist spread the AIDS virus to his patients?

A: Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are Lentivirus species that invade the human body and target…

Q: How effective are antibiotics against viral infections? Antibiotics can prevent viral entry into the…

A: ANTIBIOTICS:- They used to treat infections caused by bacteria, so they are anti-bacterial and…

Q: Based on the history of vaccines, what are some of the types that were the most effective in…

A: The production of antibodies is stimulated by a substance known as the vaccine. It provides…

Q: In Europe, for several centuries, measles has been a childhood infection that rarely kills. When…

A: Europeans brought several deadly diseases to New World (United States, Chile, South Africa, New…

Q: In the text, the author describes the benefits of receiving vaccines. Are there disadvantages? Why…

A: Disadvantage of vaccines When few people are immunized the number of cases of disease increases.…

Q: Why does vaccination provide long-lasting protection against a disease, while gamma globulin (IgG)…

A: Vaccination: It s a process  that provides active acquired immunity against a particular infectious…

Q: What does the flu shot protect against? Why do you need to get a new flu shot every year for…

A:

Q: Elena developed chicken pox when she was in kindergarten. Later in life, when her children developed…

A: Chickenpox is a very contagious infection which is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It…

Q: Your doctor has told you that you were recently infected with a PROVIRUS, and no matter what you do,…

A: Proviruses are genome of those viruses which are non active themselves and became active after…

Q: What would happen if the polydnavirus mutated and no longer depressed the caterpillar’s immune…

A: Polydnavirus is a kind of insect virus belonging to the polynaviridae family. This virus can form a…

Q: Why is the Ebola virus considered a serious/dangerous virus?

A: Ebola virus disease is a deadly disease with occasional outbreaks that occur primarily on the…

Q: Why do vaccines make your immune system able to stop pathogens from causing disease

A: The microbial agents like bacteria and viruses invade the human body and multiply within it. The…

Q: Fill in the blanks:  When tissues are damaged, macrophages release inflammatory mediators that…

A: The immune system is made up of several components such as immune cells, tissue, organs, and…

Q: if you are going to be a virus, what specific virus will you be and why? Dengue Virus

A: Dengue virus is the cause of dengue fever. It is a mosquito borne, single stranded RNA virus.

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.