Concept explainers
Interpretation:
How would Rutherford’s model of atom be different, if Rutherford had not known about the Thomson’s work, should be discussed.
Concept Introduction:
First part of Dalton’s Atomic theory
Rutherford designed an experiment that involves directing a particles toward a thin metal foil. Surrounding the foil was a detector coated with a substance that produce tiny flashes wherever it was hit by an a particle.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
- You have learned about three different models of the atom: Dalton’s model, Thomson’s model, and Rutherford’s model. What if Dalton was correct? What would Rutherford have expected from his experiments with the metal foil? What if Thomson was correct? What would Rutherford have expected from his experiments with the metal foil?arrow_forwardConsider Ernest Rutherfords -particle bombardment experiment illustrated in Fig. 2.12. How did the results of this experiment lead Rutherford away from the plum pudding model of the atom to propose the nuclear model of the atom?arrow_forwardThe Rutherford experiment was performed and its conclusions reached before protons and neutrons were discovered. When they were found, why was it believed that they were in the nucleus of the atom?arrow_forward
- Who discovered the electron? Describe the experiment that led to the deduction that electrons are negatively charged particles.arrow_forwardNow that you have gone through Chapter 4, go back to Section 4.3 and review Dalton’s Atomic Theory. Which of the premises are no longer accepted? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardYour friend tells you about an article that he read in a tabloid that reported the discovery of a new form of carbon containing eight protons in the nucleus of its atoms. He claims that scientists are eager to explore the properties of this new form of carbon. What is wrong with the tabloid's claim? a. Nothing. The claim is believable. b. The claim must be false because an atom with eight protons would be oxygen, which is already known. c. The claim must be false because all forms of carbon are already known.arrow_forward
- Predict and test the behavior of a particles fired at a Rutherford atom model. Predict the paths taken by a particles that are fired at atoms with a Rutherford atom model structure. Explain why you expect the particles to take these paths. If a particles of higher energy than those in (a) are fired at Rutherford atoms, predict how their paths will differ from the lower-energy a particle paths. Explain your reasoning. Predict how the paths taken by the particles will differ if they are fired at Rutherford atoms of elements other than gold. What factor do you expect to cause this difference in paths, and why? Now test your predictions from (a), (b), and (c). Open the Rutherford Scattering simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/I/16PhetScatter) and select the Rutherford Atom tab. Due to the scale of the simulation, it is best to start with a small nucleus, so select 20 for both protons and neutrons, mm for energy, show traces, and then start firing a particles. Does this match your prediction from (a)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Pause or reset, set energy to max, and start firing a particles. Does this match your prediction from (b)? If not, explain the effect of increased energy on the actual path as shown in the simulation. Pause or reset, select 40 for both protons and neutrons, mm for energy, show traces, and fire away. Does this match your prediction from (c)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Repeat this with larger numbers of protons and neutrons. What generalization can you make regarding the type of atom and effect on the path of a particles? Be clear and specific.arrow_forwardOne of the best indications of a useful theory is that it raises more questions for further experimentation than it originally answered. Does this apply to Daltons atomic theory? Give examples.arrow_forwardThe contributions of J. J. Thomson and Ernest Rutherford led the way to todays understanding of the structure of the atom. What were their contributions?arrow_forward
- The contributions of J. J. Thomson and Ernest Rutherford led the way to todays understanding of the structure of the atom. What were their contributions?arrow_forwardhat questions were left unanswered by Rutherford’s experiments?arrow_forwardlton believed that atoms were indivisible. Thomson and Rutherford helped to show that this was not true. What if atoms were indivisible? How would this affect the types of reactions you have learned about in this chapter?arrow_forward
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