The impact of external benefits of good X.

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Chapter 4, Problem 17SQ

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The impact of external benefits of good X.

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Use the graph attached below as a starting point (either download it or print it out). Add curves, labels, etc. to this graph in order to show the following: 1. Show that this good has a $4/unit negative externality (external cost), such as pollution. 2. Shade the area that represents the Deadweight Loss (lost gains from trade) caused by the external cost. 3. Show a tax or subsidy wedge (whichever you think is appropriate) that will solve the problem of the external cost. 4. Show the socially optimal level of production that the Pigouvian tax or subsidy above will help the market to achieve. You may use software or pencil and paper to complete this graph. Upload it here when you are done.

What is an externality? How do they affect market efficiency? If an externality is present, where is the socially optimal point of production? Where will the market produce if there is no government intervention? How do we get from the private market equilibrium to the socially optimal one?

There are two workers. Each worker’s demand for a public good is P = 20 − Q. The marginal cost of providing the public good is $24. The accompanying graph summarizes the relevant information. a. What is the socially efficient quantity of the public good? b. How much will each worker have to pay per unit to provide the socially efficient quantity? c. Suppose the two workers contribute the amount needed to provide the quantity of public good you identified in parts (a) and (b). A third worker values the public good just like the two contributing workers, but she claims not to value the good because she wants to “free ride” on the payments of the other two workers. (1) Given the three workers’ true demands for the public good, is the amount of the public good provided by the two workers socially efficient? (2) Compare the level of consumer surplus enjoyed by these three workers. Which worker(s) enjoys the most surplus?