Horizons: Exploring the Universe (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305960961
Author: Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 1P
If you lived on Mars, which planets would describe retrograde loops? Which would never be visible as crescent phases?
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Venus has an average distance to the sun of 0.723 AU. How do you calculate the orbital period of venus, and then calculate it
Like all planets, the planet Venus orbits the Sun in periodic motion and simultaneously spins about its axis. Just as on Earth, the time to make one complete orbit (i.e., the period of orbit) is what defines a year. And the time to make one complete revolution about its axis (i.e., the period of rotation) is what defines a day. The period of orbit for the Earth is 365.25 days and the period of rotation is 24 hours (1.00 day). But when these same values for Venus are expressed relative to Earth, it is found that Venus has a period of orbit of 225 days and a period of rotation of 243 days. So for Venus inhabitants, a day would last longer than a year! Determine the frequency of orbit and the frequency of rotation (in Hertz) on Venus.
At its nearest approach, Venus comes within about 40 million km of Earth and the semi-major axis of the ellipse which is Venus' orbit is 1.08 × 108 km.
*How distant is Venus at its farthest in km?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Horizons: Exploring the Universe (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 4 - Why did Greek astronomers conclude that the...Ch. 4 - Why did classical astronomers conclude that Earth...Ch. 4 - How did the Ptolemaic model explain retrograde...Ch. 4 - In what ways were the models of Ptolemy and...Ch. 4 - Why did the Copernican hypothesis win gradual...Ch. 4 - Why is it difficult for scientists to replace an...Ch. 4 - Why did Tycho Brahe expect the new star of 1572 to...Ch. 4 - How was Tycho’s model of the Universe similar to...Ch. 4 - Explain how Kapler’s lows contradict uniform...Ch. 4 - What is the difference between a hypothesis ,...
Ch. 4 - How did The Alfonsine Tables, The Prutenic Tables,...Ch. 4 - Review Galileo’s telescopic discoveries and...Ch. 4 - Galileo was condemned by the Inquisition, but...Ch. 4 - How do Newton’s laws lead you to conclude that...Ch. 4 - Explain why you might describe the orbital motion...Ch. 4 - Prob. 16RQCh. 4 - How Do We know? How would you respond to someone...Ch. 4 - Prob. 18RQCh. 4 - How Do We Know? Why is it important that a...Ch. 4 - Science historian Thomas Kuhn has said that De...Ch. 4 - Many historians suspect that Galileo offended Pope...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3DQCh. 4 - If you lived on Mars, which planets would describe...Ch. 4 - Galileo’s telescope showed him that Venus has a...Ch. 4 - Galileo’s telescopes were not of high quality by...Ch. 4 - If a planet had an average distance from the Sun...Ch. 4 - If a space probe were sent into an orbit around...Ch. 4 - Neptune orbits the Sun with a period of 164.8...Ch. 4 - Venus’s average distance from the Sun is 0.72 AU...Ch. 4 - The circular velocity of Earth around the Sun is...Ch. 4 - What is the orbital velocity of an Earth satellite...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1LTLCh. 4 - Prob. 2LTLCh. 4 - Why is it a little bit misleading to say that this...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4LTLCh. 4 - Mercury’s orbit hardly deviates from a circle, but...
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- During a retrograde loop of Mars, would you expect Mars to be brighter than usual in the sky, about average in brightness, or fainter than usual in the sky? Explain.arrow_forwardWhich is the phase of Venus when it is closest? Which when farthest? How do you know?arrow_forwardOne planet is three times farther from the Sun than another. Will the farther planet take more, less, or the same amount of time to orbit the Sun? Will the closer planet orbit slower, faster, or the same speed? How much longer will the farther planet take to orbit than the closer planet? If the closer planet is located at 10 AU, how far is the farther planet, and what are the two planet's names?arrow_forward
- one trajectory that can be used to send spacecraft from earth to mars is an elliptical orbit that has the sun at one focus, its perihelion at earth, and it's aphelion at mars. the spacecraft is launched from earth and coasts along this ellipse until it reaches mars, when a rocket is fired to either put the spacecraft into orbit around mars or cause it to land on mars. (a) find the semimajor axis of the ellipse (in au). (hint: draw a picture showing the sun and the orbits of earth, mars, and the spacecraft. treat the orbits of earth and mars as circles.) [enter your answer in units of au]arrow_forwardEccentricity for Mars is 094 and semi major axis "a" is 227,9 10" Km; Calculate the perihelion and aphelion distances.arrow_forwardWhat is meant by Apogee and perigee, Eccentricity? How do we calculate them?arrow_forward
- Describe the retrograde motion of mars and how it was explained in terms of both a heliocentric and geocentric model of the solar system. Key terms to be included: relative velocitys of earth and mars, background stars and epicyclesarrow_forwardImagine that Earth had two identical Moons, following the same orbit but staying 180° apart. What effects would this have on the ocean tides experienced on Earth?arrow_forwardLeave the moon’s amplitude (semi-major axis) constant. How does changing the moon’s orbital period change the calculated value for the planet’s mass?arrow_forward
- What is the angular diameter of Saturn (in arc seconds) as seen from Earth when the two planets are farthest apart?arrow_forwardAt a given point, Venus is 37.5 million miles from the earth. How long does it take for light to leave a source on earth and reach Venus? Give the answer in seconds. (The speed of light is 2.998 x 10^8 m/sec and 1 km= 0.62 miles)arrow_forwardFor two moons (Moon A and Moon B) with the same mass, both in circular orbits about Mars, how many times more quickly or slowly is Moon B moving along its orbit if it is 9 times farther from Mars’ center than Moon A?arrow_forward
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