Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079373
Author: William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 1QAP

Write the formulas of the following compounds and decide which are soluble in water.

(a) sodium sulfate

(b) iron(lll) nitrate

(c) silver chloride

(d) chromium(lll) hydroxide

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The formula for sodium sulfate should be written along with identify whether it is soluble in water or not.

Concept introduction:

First, the symbol of the metal (cation) with its ion charge as a superscript should be written.

The symbol of the non-metal (anion) with its ion charge or polyatomic ion as a superscript should be written.

After that, the charges should be crisscross so that they become subscript for the opposite element and + and - charges should be removed.

NO3 Cl SO42 OH CO32 PO43
Group-1 cations and NH4+
Group-2 cations BaSO4 Mg(OH)2 - -
Transitions metal cations Pb2+, Hg22+ AgCl

PbCl2

Hg2Cl2

PbSO4

Ag2SO4

- - -

Solubility of any compound is predicted by above solubility chart.

Blank boxes indicate no precipitate formation occurs which means soluble in dilute solution.

Boxes with hyphen will form precipitate from dilute solutions and boxes where formula is written this is a cation-anion combination that will form precipitate.

Answer to Problem 1QAP

The formula is Na2SO4

It is soluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

Given compound is sodium sulfate

Symbol of sodium is Na

Symbol of sulfate is SO4

Sodium belongs to group 1 and carries +1 charge.

Sulfate is a polyatomic ion carries -2 charge.

The symbol of sodium and sulfate is written with their charges and charges are crisscrossed.

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions, Chapter 4, Problem 1QAP , additional homework tip  1

Thus, the formula is Na2SO4

Ions present in the solution is Na+ and SO42

According to solubility, attractive forces present between ion and ion is less than the water to ion. Thus, it is soluble in water.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The formula for iron(III) nitrate should be written along with identify whether it is soluble in water or not.

Concept introduction:

First, the symbol of the metal (cation) with its ion charge as a superscript should be written.

The symbol of the non-metal (anion) with its ion charge or polyatomic ion as a superscript should be written.

After that, the charges should be crisscross so that they become subscript for the opposite element and + and - charges should be removed.

NO3 Cl SO42 OH CO32 PO43
Group-1 cations and NH4+
Group-2 cations BaSO4 Mg(OH)2 - -
Transitions metal cations Pb2+, Hg22+ AgCl

PbCl2

Hg2Cl2

PbSO4

Ag2SO4

- - -

Solubility of any compound is predicted by above solubility chart.

Blank boxes indicate no precipitate formation occurs which means soluble in dilute solution.

Boxes with hyphen will form precipitate from dilute solutions and boxes where formula is written this is a cation-anion combination that will form precipitate.

Answer to Problem 1QAP

The formula is Fe(NO3)3

It is soluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

Given compound is iron(III) nitrate

Symbol of iron is Fe

Symbol of nitrate is NO3

Here, iron(III) implies iron carries +3 charge.

Nitrate is a polyatomic ion carries -1 charge.

The symbol of iron and nitrate is written with their charges and charges are crisscrossed.

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions, Chapter 4, Problem 1QAP , additional homework tip  2

Thus, the formula is Fe(NO3)3

Ions present in the solution is Fe+3 and NO3

According to solubility chart, all nitrates are soluble. Thus, iron(III) nitrate is soluble in water.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The formula for silver chloride should be written along with identify whether it is soluble in water or not.

Concept introduction:

First, the symbol of the metal (cation) with its ion charge as a superscript should be written.

The symbol of the non-metal (anion) with its ion charge or polyatomic ion as a superscript should be written.

After that, the charges should be crisscross so that they become subscript for the opposite element and + and - charges should be removed.

NO3 Cl SO42 OH CO32 PO43
Group-1 cations and NH4+
Group-2 cations BaSO4 Mg(OH)2 - -
Transitions metal cations Pb2+, Hg22+ AgCl

PbCl2

Hg2Cl2

PbSO4

Ag2SO4

- - -

Solubility of any compound is predicted by above solubility chart.

Blank boxes indicate no precipitate formation occurs which means soluble in dilute solution.

Boxes with hyphen will form precipitate from dilute solutions and boxes where formula is written this is a cation-anion combination that will form precipitate.

Answer to Problem 1QAP

The formula is AgCl

It is insoluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

Given compound is silver chloride

Symbol of silver is Ag

Symbol of chloride is Cl

Here, silver is a metal carries + 1 charge.

Chloride is a non-metal carries -1 charge.

The symbol of silver and chloride is written with their charges and charges are crisscrossed.

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions, Chapter 4, Problem 1QAP , additional homework tip  3

The formula is Ag1Cl1

Make the above formula simplify, thus the formula of given compound is AgCl

Ions present in the solution is Ag+1 and Cl

According to the solubility chart, it will form precipitate, thus insoluble in water.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The formula for chromium(III) hydroxide should be written along with identify whether it is soluble in water or not.

Concept introduction:

First, the symbol of the metal (cation) with its ion charge as a superscript should be written.

The symbol of the non-metal (anion) with its ion charge or polyatomic ion as a superscript should be written.

After that, the charges should be crisscross so that they become subscript for the opposite element and + and - charges should be removed.

NO3 Cl SO42 OH CO32 PO43
Group-1 cations and NH4+
Group-2 cations BaSO4 Mg(OH)2 - -
Transitions metal cations Pb2+, Hg22+ AgCl

PbCl2

Hg2Cl2

PbSO4

Ag2SO4

- - -

Solubility of any compound is predicted by above solubility chart.

Blank boxes indicate no precipitate formation occurs which means soluble in dilute solution.

Boxes with hyphen will form precipitate from dilute solutions and boxes where formula is written this is a cation-anion combination that will form precipitate.

Answer to Problem 1QAP

The formula is Cr(OH)3

It is insoluble in water.

Explanation of Solution

Given compound is chromium(III) hydroxide

Symbol of chromium is Cr

Symbol of hydroxide is OH

Here, chromium(III) implieschromium carries +3 charge.

Hydroxide ion carries -1 charge.

The symbol of chromium and hydroxide is written with their charges and charges are crisscrossed.

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions, Chapter 4, Problem 1QAP , additional homework tip  4

The formula is Cr(OH)3

Ions present in the solution is Cr+3 and OH

According to the solubility chart, it will form precipitate, thus insoluble in water.

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Chapter 4 Solutions

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions

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