Concept explainers
4.107 Existing stockpiles of the refrigerant Freon-12, CF2Cl2 must be destroyed under the terms of the Montreal Protocol because of their potential for banning the ozone layer. One method for doing this involves reaction with sodium oxalate:
If you had 150 tons of Freon-12, describe how you would know how much sodium oxalate you would need to make that conversion.
Freon-12, CF2Cl2
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Chemistry for Engineering Students
- An antacid tablet has calcium carbonate as the active ingredient; other ingredients include a starch binder. You dissolve the tablet in hydrochloric acid and filter off insoluble material. You add potassium oxalate to the filtrate (containing calcium ion) to precipitate calcium oxalate. If a tablet weighing 0.750 g gave 0.629 g of calcium oxalate, what is the mass percentage of active ingredient in the tablet?arrow_forwardClassify each of the following reactions as a combination reaction, decomposition reaction, displacement reaction, or combustion reaction. a When solid calcium oxide, CaO, is exposed to gaseous sulfur trioxide, SO3, solid calcium sulfate, CaSO4, is formed. b Calcium metal (solid) reacts with water to produce a solution of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, and hydrogen gas. c When solid sodium hydrogen sulfite, NaHSO3, is heated, solid sodium sulfite, Na2SO3, sulfur dioxide gas, SO2, and water vapor are formed. d Magnesium reacts with bromine to give magnesium bromide, MgBr2.arrow_forwardClassify each of the following reactions as a combination reaction, decomposition reaction, displacement reaction, or combustion reaction. a When they are heated, ammonium dichromate crystals, (NH4)2Cr2O7, decompose to give nitrogen, water vapor, and solid chromium(III) oxide, Cr2O3. b When aqueous ammonium nitrite, NH4NO2, is heated, it gives nitrogen and water vapor. c When gaseous ammonia, NH3, reacts with hydrogen chloride gas, HCl, fine crystals of ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, are formed. d Aluminum added to an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, H2SO4, forms a solution of aluminum sulfate, A12(SO4)3. Hydrogen gas is released.arrow_forward
- Lactic acid, C3H6O3 is the acid present in sour milk. A 0.100-g sample of pure lactic acid requires 12.95 mL of 0.0857 M sodium hydroxide for complete reaction. How many moles of hydroxide ion are required to neutralize one mole of lactic acid?arrow_forwardA noncarbonated soft drink contains an unknown amount of citric acid, H3C6H5O7. lf 100. mL of the soft drink requires 33.51 mL of 0.0102 M NaOH to neutralize the citric add completely, what mass of citric acid does the soft drink contain per 100. mL? The reaction of citric acid and NaOH is H3C6H5O7(aq) + 3 NaOH(aq) Na3C6H5O7(aq) + 3 H2O()arrow_forwardDisulfur dichloride, S2Cl2, is used to vulcanize rubber. It can be made by treating molten sulfur with gaseous chlorine. S8() + 4 Cl2(g) 4 S2Cl2(g) Complete this table of reaction quantities for the production of 103.5 g S2Cl2.arrow_forward
- Elemental bromine is the source of bromine compounds. The element is produced from certain brine solutions that occur naturally. These brines are essentially solutions of calcium bromide that, when treated with chlorine gas, yield bromine in a displacement reaction. What are the molecular equation and net ionic equation for the reaction? A solution containing 40.0 g of calcium bromide requires 14.2 g of chlorine to react completely with it, and 22.2 g of calcium chloride is produced in addition to whatever bromine is obtained. How many grams of calcium bromide are required to produce 10.0 pounds of bromine?arrow_forwardA soluble iodide was dissolved in water. Then an excess of silver nitrate, AgNO3, was added to precipitate all of the iodide ion as silver iodide, AgI. If 1.545 g of the soluble iodide gave 2.185 g of silver iodide, how many grams of iodine are in the sample of soluble iodide? What is the mass percentage of iodine, I, in the compound?arrow_forwardLead(II) nitrate reacts with cesium sulfate in an aqueous precipitation reaction. What are the formulas of lead(II) nitrate and cesium sulfate? Write the molecular equation and net ionic equation for the reaction. What are the names of the products? Give the molecular equation for another reaction that produces the same precipitate.arrow_forward
- A chemist added an excess of sodium sulfate to a solution of a soluble barium compound to precipitate all of the barium ion as barium sulfate, BaSO4. How many grams of barium ion are in a 458-mg sample of the barium compound if a solution of the sample gave 513 mg BaSO4 precipitate? What is the mass percentage of barium in the compound?arrow_forwardThe formation of water-Insoluble silver chloride is useful in the analysis of chloride-containing substances. Consider the following unbalanced equation: BaCl2(aq) + AgNO3(aq) AgCI(s) + Ba(NO3)2(aq) (a) Write the balanced equation. (b) What mass of AgNO3, in grams, is required for complete reaction with 0.156 g of BaCI2? What mass of AgCI is produced?arrow_forwardAn antacid tablet contains sodium hydrogen carbonate, NaHCO3, and inert ingredients. A 0.465-g sample of powdered tablet was mixed with 53.3 mL of 0.190 M HCl (hydrochloric acid). The mixture was allowed to stand until it reacted. NaHCO3(s)+HCl(aq)NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g) The excess hydrochloric acid was titrated with 54.6 mL of 0.128 M NaOH (sodium hydroxide). HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)NaCl(aq)+H2O(l) What is the percentage of sodium hydrogen carbonate in the antacid?arrow_forward
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