Chapter 4, Problem 4.10E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atom of an element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of an element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atom of an element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of an element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atom of an element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of an element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atom of an element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of an element loses electrons, it forms a cation.