Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The equations to represent the positive and negative ion formation for the given pair of elements are to be stated. The formula for the ionic compound that results if the formed ions combine together is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The species that are formed by losing or gaining the electrons are known as ions. The cations are formed by losing one or more than one electron from the outer most shell of an atom. Anions are formed by gaining one or more than one electron to the outer most shell of an atom.
(b)
Interpretation:
The equations to represent the positive and negative ion formation for the given pair of elements are to be stated. The formula for the ionic compound that results if the formed ions combine together is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The species that are formed by losing or gaining the electrons are known as ions. The cations are formed by losing one or more than one electron from the outer most shell of an atom. Anions are formed by gaining one or more than one electron to the outer most shell of an atom.
(c)
Interpretation:
The equations to represent the positive and negative ion formation for the given pair of elements are to be stated. The formula for the ionic compound that results if the formed ions combine together is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The species that are formed by losing or gaining the electrons are known as ions. The cations are formed by losing one or more than one electron from the outer most shell of an atom. Anions are formed by gaining one or more than one electron to the outer most shell of an atom.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 4 Solutions
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
- Using Lewis Structures to Determine the Correct Chemical Formula for Ionic Compounds Use Lewis structures to determine the correct chemical formula for the compound formed between LiandO.arrow_forwardElement First Ionization Energy (kJImol) Second Ionization Energy (kiImol) I K 419 3050 Ca 590 1140 75. Use principles of atomic structure to answer each of the following: (a) The radius of the Ca atom is 197 pm; the radius of the Ca2+ ion is 99 pm. Account for the difference. (b) The lattice energy of CaO(s) is 3460 kJ/mol; the lattice energy of K2O is 2240 kJ/mol. Account for the difference. (c) Given these ionization values, explain the difference between Ca and K with regard to their first and second ionization energies. Element First Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) Second Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) K 419 3050 Ca 590 1140 (d) The first ionization energy of Mg is 738 kJ/mol and that of Al is 578 kJ/mol. Account for this difference.arrow_forwardHydrogen gas and oxygen gas react violently to form water. When this occurs, a very loud noise is heard. Draw the Lewis structures for hydrogen gas, oxygen gas, and water. State whether each molecule is polar or nonpolar and why. Explain how the polarity of these molecules is related to hydrogen and oxygen existing in the gas phase at room temperature and water existing in the liquid phase at room temperature. Which is lower in energy for this reaction a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases or water? How do you know this is true?arrow_forward
- What is resonance? Give three examples of molecules or ions that exhibit resonance, and draw Lewis structures for each of the possible resonance forms.arrow_forwardWhat is the geometric sanctum of the ammonia molecule? How many pairs of electrons surround the nitrogen atom in NH3? What is the approximate HNHbond angle in ammonia?arrow_forwardThink of forming an ionic compound as three steps (this is a simplification, as with all models): (I) removing an electron from the metal; (2) adding an electron to the nonmetal; and (3) allowing the metal cation and nonmetal anion to come together. a. What is the sign of the energy change for each of these three processes? b. In general, what is the sign of the sum of the first two processes? Use examples to support your answer. c. What must be the sign of the sum of the three process d. Given your answer to part c, why do ionic bonds occur? e. Given your above explanations, why is NaCl stable but not Na2Cl? NaCl2? What about MgO compared to MgO2? Mg2O?arrow_forward
- In forming an ionic bond with an atom of chlorine, a sodium atom will: a.receive one electron from the chlorine atom. b.receive two electrons from the chlorine atom. c.give up one electron to the chlorine atom. d.give up two electrons to the chlorine atom.arrow_forwardFor three simple molecules of your own choice, apply the rules for writing Lewis structures. Write your discussion as if you are explaining the method to someone who is not familiar with Lewis structures.arrow_forward
- World of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
- Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co