Chemistry for Engineering Students
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781285199023
Author: Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.47PAE
4.45 If 21 g of H2S is mixed with 38 g of O2 and 31 g of SO2 forms, what is the percentage yield?
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In the reaction
CH4 + 2 O2 →CO2 + 2 H2OCH4 + 2 O2 →CO2 + 2 H2O
If 4.5 moles of CH4 react with 8 moles of O2, CH4 is the limiting reactant ?
Nitric acid is often manufactured from the atmospheric gases nitrogen and oxygen, and hydrogen prepared by reforming natural gas in a two-step process. In the first step, nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia:
N2(g) +3H2(g) =2NH3(g)
In the second step, ammonia and oxygen react to form, nitric acid (HNO3) and water:
NH3(g) +2O2(g) = HNO3(g) +H2O(g).
Suppose the yield of the first step is 65% in the yield of the second step is 78%. Calculate the mass of nitrogen required to make 9.0 kg of nitric acid. Be sure your answer has a unit symbol and is rounded to two significant digits.
Ozone, O3 is formed in vehicle exhaust by the reaction NO2(g) + O2(g) —-> NO(g) + O3(g). What is the theoretical yield of ozone when 2.0 g of NO2 reacts with excess O2?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Ch. 4 - Describe the chemical composition of gasoline.Ch. 4 - Write balanced chemical equations for the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3COCh. 4 - Calculate the amounts of reactants needed in a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 5COCh. 4 - Prob. 6COCh. 4 - Prob. 7COCh. 4 - 4.1 List at least two factors that make it...Ch. 4 - 4.2 What is an alkane?Ch. 4 - 4.3 Explain the difference between complete and...
Ch. 4 - 4.4 Automobile exhaust often contains traces of...Ch. 4 - 4.5 Methane, ethane, and propane are also...Ch. 4 - 4.6 Use the web to research prices of gasoline at...Ch. 4 - For the following reactions, write the ratios that...Ch. 4 - 4.8 In an experiment carried out at very low...Ch. 4 - 4.9 Sulfur, S8, combines with oxygen at elevated...Ch. 4 - 4.10 How many moles of oxygen can be obtained by...Ch. 4 - 4.11 MTBE, C5H12O, is one of the additives that...Ch. 4 - 4.12 In petroleum refining, hydrocarbons are often...Ch. 4 - 4.13 For the following reactions, determine the...Ch. 4 - 4.14 The combustion of liquid chloroethylene,...Ch. 4 - 4.15 What mass of the unknown compound is formed...Ch. 4 - 4.16 Many metals react with halogens to give metal...Ch. 4 - 4.17 Phosgene is a highly toxic gas that has been...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.18PAECh. 4 - 4.19 How many metric tons of carbon are required...Ch. 4 - 4.20 Assuming a charcoal briquette is composed...Ch. 4 - 4.21 Ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, will decompose...Ch. 4 - If 3.4 mol Al and 6.2 mol Fe2O3 are mixed, what is...Ch. 4 - If 8.4 moles of disilane, Si2H6, is combined with...Ch. 4 - 4.22 Generally, an excess of O2 is needed for the...Ch. 4 - 4.23 In the reaction of arsenic with bromine,...Ch. 4 - 4.24 Ammonia gas can be prepared by the reaction...Ch. 4 - 4.25 When octane is combusted with inadequate...Ch. 4 - 4.26 The equation for one of the reactions in the...Ch. 4 - 4.27 Copper reacts with sulfuric acid according to...Ch. 4 - 4.28 One of the steps in the manufacture of nitric...Ch. 4 - 4.29 When Al(OH)3 reacts with sulfuric acid, the...Ch. 4 - 4.30 Copper reacts with nitric acid via the...Ch. 4 - 4.31 How much HNO3 can be formed in the following...Ch. 4 - 4.32 Hydrogen and oxygen are reacted and the water...Ch. 4 - 4.33 Silicon carbide, an abrasive, is made by the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.36PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.37PAECh. 4 - 4.36 Sometimes students in chemistry labs...Ch. 4 - 4.37 The theoretical yield and the actual yield...Ch. 4 - 4.38 A reaction that produced 4.8 mg of taxol, an...Ch. 4 - Methanol, CH3OH, is used in racing cars because it...Ch. 4 - 4.40 When iron and steam react at high...Ch. 4 - 4.41 The percentage yield of the following...Ch. 4 - 4.42 Sulfur hexafluoride is a very stable gas...Ch. 4 - 4.43 Magnesium nitride forms in a side reaction...Ch. 4 - 4.44 Industrial production of hydrogen gas uses...Ch. 4 - 4.45 If 21 g of H2S is mixed with 38 g of O2 and...Ch. 4 - 4.46 A mixture of 10.0 g of NO and 14.0 g of NO2...Ch. 4 - 4.47 Silicon carbide is, an abrasive used in the...Ch. 4 - 4.48 Elemental phosphorous is used in the...Ch. 4 - 4.49 Small quantities of hydrogen gas can be...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.52PAECh. 4 - 4.51 What is the role of an indicator in a...Ch. 4 - 4.52 What volume of 0.812 M HCl, in milliliters,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.55PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.56PAECh. 4 - Hydrazine, N2H4, is a weak base and can react with...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.58PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.59PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.60PAECh. 4 - 4.59 Aluminum dissolves in HCI according to the...Ch. 4 - 4.60 Why are fuel additives used?Ch. 4 - 4.61 What is actually measured by the octane...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.64PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.65PAECh. 4 - 4.64 Using the web, find information about the...Ch. 4 - 4.65 Using the web, find out how lead “poisons”...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.68PAECh. 4 - You have 0.954 g of an unknown acid, H2A, which...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.70PAECh. 4 - 4.79 Phosphoric add (H3PO4) is important in the...Ch. 4 - 4.80 The reaction shown below is used to destroy...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.73PAECh. 4 - One way of determining blood alcohol levels is by...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.75PAECh. 4 - The pictures below show a molecular-scale view of...Ch. 4 - The pictures below show a molecular-scale view of...Ch. 4 - 4.84 Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) is used as a...Ch. 4 - 4.85 In the cold vulcanization of rubber, disulfur...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.80PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.81PAECh. 4 - 4.88 A quality control technician needs to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.83PAECh. 4 - 4.90 Iron metal can be refined (rom the mineral...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.85PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.86PAECh. 4 - 4.93 A mixture of methane (CH4) and propane (C3H8)...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.88PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.89PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.90PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.91PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.92PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.93PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.94PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.95PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.96PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.97PAECh. 4 - 4.104 When 2.750 g of the oxide Pb3O4 is heated to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.99PAECh. 4 - 4.106 An ore sample with a mass of 670 kg contains...Ch. 4 - 4.107 Existing stockpiles of the refrigerant...Ch. 4 - 4.108 Elemental analysis is sometimes carried out...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.103PAECh. 4 - 4.110 Write the balanced chemical equation lot the...Ch. 4 - 4.111 Aluminum metal reacts with sulfuric acid to...Ch. 4 - 4.112 A metallurgical firm wishes to dispose of...
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4.43 Magnesium nitride forms in a side reaction when magnesium metal burns in air. This reaction may also be carried out in pure nitrogen. 3Mg(s)+N2(g)Mg3N2(s) If 18.4 g of Mg3N2forms from the reaction of 20.0 g of magnesium with excess nitrogen, what is the percentage yield?
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Ethylene oxide, C2H4O, is made by the oxidation of ethylene, C2H4. 2C2H4(g)+O2(g)2C2H4O(g) Ethylene oxide is used to make ethylene glycol for automobile antifreeze. In a pilot study, 10.6 g of ethylene gave 9.91 g of ethylene oxide. What is the percentage yield of ethylene oxide?
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4.12 In petroleum refining, hydrocarbons are often manipulated by reacting them with H2(g). If hexene, C6H12, is reacted with hydrogen to form hexane, C6H14, how many moles of hydrogen are needed to react with 453 moles of hexene?
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Quicklime, CaO, is formed when calcium hydroxide is heated.
Ca(OH)2(s) → CaO(s) + H2O(ℓ)
The theoretical yield is 65.5 g but only 36.7 g quicklime I is produced. Calculate the percent yield.
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4-66 Benzene reacts with bromine to produce bromoben zene according to the following equation: If 60.0 g of benzene is mixed with 135 g of bromine, (a) Which is the limiting reagent? (b) How many grams of bromobenzene are formed in the reaction?
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Urea is used as a fertilizer because it can react with water to release ammonia, which provides nitrogen to plants. (NH2)2CO(s) + H2O() 2 NH3(aq) + CO2(g) (a) When 300. g urea and 100. g water are combined, calculate the mass of ammonia and the mass of carbon dioxide that form. (b) Calculate the mass of the excess reactant that remains after reaction.
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ATOM ECONOMY: Benzene, C6H6, is a common compound, and it can be oxidized to give maleic anhydride, C4H2O3, which is used in turn to make other important compounds. (a) What is the % atom economy for the synthesis of maleic anhydride from benzene by this reaction? (b) If 972 g of maleic anhydride is produced from exactly 1.00 kg of benzene, what is the percent yield of the anhydride? What mass of the by-product CO2 is also produced?
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Penicillin V was treated chemically to convert sulfur to barium sulfate, BaSO4. An 8.19-mg sample of penicillin V gave 5.46 mg BaSO4. What is the percentage of sulfur in penicillin V? If there is one sulfur atom in the molecule, what is the molecular weight?
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If 3.4 mol Al and 6.2 mol Fe2O3 are mixed, what is the limiting reactant? 2Al+ Fe 2 O 3 A1 2 O 3 +2Fe
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4.42 Sulfur hexafluoride is a very stable gas useful ¡n electrical generators and switches. It is formed by direct synthesis from the elements: S(s)+3F2(g)SF6(g) If 92 g of SF6 is produced from the reaction of 115 g of sulfur ¡n excess fluorine, what is the percentage yield? Sulfur hexafluoride, SF6
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4.30 Copper reacts with nitric acid via the following equation: 3Cu(s)+8HNO3(aq)3Cu( NO3)2(aq)+2NO(g)+4H2O(l) What mass of NO(g) can be formed when 10.0 g of Cu reacts with 115 g of HNO3?
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4.71 The particulate scale drawing shown depict the products of a reaction between N2 and O2 molecules. (a) Draw a similar representation for the reactants that must have been present before the reaction took place. (b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction, using the smallest possible whole number coefficients. (c) Identify the limiting reactant, and explain how the pictures allow you to do so.
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