Chapter 4, Problem 4.89UTC

a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine:

According to Dalton’s atomic theory determine the following statement as true or false and if false make it true.-“Atoms of an element are identical to atoms of other elements.”

Concept Introduction:

• The idea of an atomic constituent of matter originated more than 2500 years ago, but no measurable property was assigned to it and the idea remained to be hazy and imaginative in nature. Around 1803, Dalton conceived of atoms as the smallest indestructible part of an element, retaining the characteristics properties of each and capable of combining with other atoms in a chemical manner. This assigned the important measurable property of mass to the atoms and the experimental facts of chemical combination could be explained by this theory with admissible modification.
• The idea of stable indestructible atom as the smallest conceivable particle has undergone drastic revision. A series of experiments and observations recorded decidedly established the atoms consists of several particles which are many times smaller than the atoms they build.
• In a chemical reaction the atoms of the part of reactant and product remain same, but the combination of atoms to make a compound is changed and no new atom can appear in a chemical reaction.

Answer to Problem 4.89UTC

Solution:

Atoms of an element are identical to atoms of other elements.-False. The true statement is “Atoms of an element are different from atoms of other elements.”

Explanation of Solution

The atoms of different elements are entirely different. For example, atoms of carbon element are represented by symbol C and that of hydrogen element is represented by symbol H.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: According to Dalton’s atomic theory determine the following statement as true or false and if false make it true-“Every element is made of atom.”

Concept Introduction:

• The idea of an atomic constituent of matter originated more than 2500 years ago, but no measurable property was assigned to it and the idea remained to be hazy and imaginative in nature. Around 1803, Dalton conceived of atoms as the smallest indestructible part of an element, retaining the characteristics properties of each and capable of combining with other atoms in a chemical manner. This assigned the important measurable property of mass to the atoms and the experimental facts of chemical combination could be explained by this theory with admissible modification.
• The idea of stable indestructible atom as the smallest conceivable particle has undergone drastic revision. A series of experiments and observations recorded decidedly established the atoms consists of several particles which are many times smaller than the atoms they build.
• In a chemical reaction the atoms of the part of reactant and product remain same, but the combination of atoms to make a compound is changed and no new atom can appear in a chemical reaction.

Answer to Problem 4.89UTC

Solution: Every element is made of atom.-True.

Explanation of Solution

The statement is true as atom is defined as building block of any matter. For example, the carbon element is composed of atoms of carbon represented by symbol C.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: According to Dalton’s atomic theory determine the following statement as true or false and if false make it true.-“Atoms of different elements combine to form compounds.”

Concept Introduction:

• The idea of an atomic constituent of matter originated more than 2500 years ago, but no measurable property was assigned to it and the idea remained to be hazy and imaginative in nature. Around 1803, Dalton conceived of atoms as the smallest indestructible part of an element, retaining the characteristics properties of each and capable of combining with other atoms in a chemical manner. This assigned the important measurable property of mass to the atoms and the experimental facts of chemical combination could be explained by this theory with admissible modification.
• The idea of stable indestructible atom as the smallest conceivable particle has undergone drastic revision. A series of experiments and observations recorded decidedly established the atoms consists of several particles which are many times smaller than the atoms they build.
• In a chemical reaction the atoms of the part of reactant and product remain same, but the combination of atoms to make a compound is changed and no new atom can appear in a chemical reaction.

Answer to Problem 4.89UTC

Solution: Atoms of different elements combine to form compounds.-True.

Explanation of Solution

The atoms of different elements can combine in different ratios to form different compound. For example: Hydrogen and oxygen atoms can combine in 2:1 ratio to form ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ .

d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: According to Dalton’s atomic theory determine the following statement as true or false and if false make it true.-“In a chemical reaction some atoms disappear and new atoms appear.”

Concept Introduction:

• The idea of an atomic constituent of matter originated more than 2500 years ago, but no measurable property was assigned to it and the idea remained to be hazy and imaginative in nature. Around 1803, Dalton conceived of atoms as the smallest indestructible part of an element, retaining the characteristics properties of each and capable of combining with other atoms in a chemical manner. This assigned the important measurable property of mass to the atoms and the experimental facts of chemical combination could be explained by this theory with admissible modification.
• The idea of stable indestructible atom as the smallest conceivable particle has undergone drastic revision. A series of experiments and observations recorded decidedly established the atoms consists of several particles which are many times smaller than the atoms they build.
• In a chemical reaction the atoms of the part of reactant and product remain same, but the combination of atoms to make a compound is changed and no new atom can appear in a chemical reaction.

Answer to Problem 4.89UTC

Solution: In a chemical reaction some atoms disappear and new atoms appear.-False. The true statement is “In a chemical reaction, atoms can neither be created nor destroyed.”

Explanation of Solution

In a chemical reaction an atom of a compound can be interchanged with other compound, but no atom can disappear, or new atom can appear in chemical reaction, except in radioactive reactions.